f. Grouping Students
In teaching and learning process, a teacher sometimes has to decide how students do the activities. Harmer 2007: 161 mentions
that classroom activities can be done by students whether it is on their own individually, in pairs, in small groups or in whole-class
grouping. The idea of students on their own is that they do exercise on
their own in class. Then, a teacher tends to have more time to work with individual students. The idea can be a vital step in the
development of learner autonomy. In pairwork, students can practice language together with their
pairs. The tasks like predicting content of reading and comparing notes can be done in pairs. Added to this, pairwork allows teacher to
work with one or two pairs while the other can continue working and it is quick and easy to organize.
Meanwhile, group work is one of the various ways in managing classroom. Reid, in Nunan and Carter 2001: 32, states
that co-operative and group work including collaborative writing that strengthen the community of the class and offer writer authentic
audience is one of the many techniques and methods that has proved successful in English L2 writing classrooms. Similarly, according to
Harmer 2007: 165, groupwork provides great chance of different opinions and varied contribution. It also promotes learner autonomy
by allowing the students to make their own decision in the group without being told what to do by the teacher.
Then, whole-class grouping can also be used in managing students especially where the teacher is acting as a controller. It is
suitable for giving explanations and instructions. Besides, whole- class grouping reinforces a sense of belonging among the group
members. If everyone is involved in the same activity, they are all engaged together.
Based on the above explanations, each way of grouping students has its own advantages. A teacher can decide which way
that can be used in certain activities depending on the goals of the activities that a teacher wants students to achieve and the constraints
like time limitations.
g. Assessing and Evaluating Students’ Work
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