4. Observation This phase involved the collaborator in observing the effect of the
action. The collaborator documented what happened in the class using observation sheet, note, and photographs while the actions were applied.
This step was aimed to find out the whether the action process ran well or not.
5. Reflection At this point, the researcher, the collaborator and the English
teacher reflected and evaluated the class improvements. The researcher also interviewed the students related to the implementation of the actions.
This phase answered what aspects had to be fixed and improved so the next cycle would run better.
E. Research Instruments
In obtaining the qualitative and quantitative data, the researcher used some instruments to gain the data during the research. They were interview
guidelines, observation checklists, writing scoring rubric, and camera. The explanations are as follows:
1. Interview Guidelines The interviews were conducted before, during and after the
implementation of the actions. The interview guidelines consisted of some questions related to English teaching and learning process and the
implementation of the mind mapping technique in 8 A of SMP N 4
Sleman. The interview guideline for students focused on their feeling and comment regarding to the actions. The interview guidelines for the
teacher and the collaborator mainly focused on the process of the implementation and what aspects to be improved in the research.
2. Observation Checklists In conducting the observations, the researcher and the collaborator
used observation checklist as a guidance to observe the implementation of the actions. The observation checklist consisted of the activities, Yes or
No columns, and comments. If there was a tick in Yes column, it meant that the researcher already fulfilled the activity. The observation
checklists were also equipped by notes which were written by the observer.
3. Writing Scoring Rubric In scoring students’ writing results of pre-test and post test, the
researcher used an analytic scoring by adapting a writing scoring rubric form Anderson in Hughes 1989: 91. The scoring focused on five
aspects of writing which were grammar, vocabulary, mechanics, fluency and organization.
4. Camera The researcher and the collaborator used a camera to take some
photographs during the implementation of the actions. The data were in the form of photographs.
F. Data Collection Technique
The data of this research were in the form of qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected through some techniques
as follows. 1. Interview
Interviews were done towards the teacher, the collaborator and the students. It was used to find out the problems and help the researcher to
evaluate and reflect the learning process. In the reconnaissance step, before the implementation of the action, the researcher interviewed the
English teacher in order to identify the existing problems in the teaching and learning process. Then, he interviewed the students related to their
opinion of the teaching and learning process of writing. In addition, the researcher also conducted some interviews towards
the collaborator, the English teacher and the students after the implementation of the actions in order to know their feelings and what
aspects had to be fixed and improved. Subsequently, the interviews were taped and the transcripts were typed. The interviews were conducted
before and after each cycle of the research. 2. Observation
The observations were conducted by the researcher and collaborator. The researcher and the collaborator observed any
phenomena occurred in the implementation of the actions in the class 8 A
in the research. The data obtained were then noted in the field notes and observation checklists.
3. Documentation The collaborator took photographs when the actions were
implemented to support the data. It showed the situation of the teaching and learning process during the implementation of the action.
The quantitative data were collected through scoring students’ writing results. The researcher used a pre-test and a post-test to take the students’
scores. After all the students’ works were assessed by the researcher and the collaborator, the researcher counted the mean score of each test.
G. Data Analysis Technique
