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Figure 3. The Analytical Construct
Quality Target Text
Gie ’s English
movie texts Source Text
Gie ’s Bahasa
Indonesia movie texts
Intersemiotic Translation
Interlingual Translation
Intralingual Translation
Translation Techniques
Direct Translation Borrowing
Literal Translation
Calque
1. Abstract for Concrete
2. Explicative Modulation
3. Part to Whole
4. Part to Another Part
5. Reversal of Terms
6. Negative of Opposite
7. Active for Passive
8. Space for Time
9. Interval for Limit
10. Change of Symbol
Oblique Translation Transposition
Equivalence Adaptation
Modulation
Meaning Equivalence of Modulation Techniques in Gie ’s Bahasa Indonesia-English MovieTexts
Bilingual Translation Multilingual Translation
Translation
Types of Translation
Degrees of Meaning
Equivalence
Non Translation
Zero Equivalence
Partial Translation
Near Optimum and
Weak Translation
Optimum Translation
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research
Since the objectives were to describe the types of modulation and the degrees of meaning equivalence in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts, this research was considered as qualitative research. Qualitative method is a
research procedure which presents the descriptive data in the form of written or oral data from the subjects of research being observed Bodgan and Biklen, 1982: 39-
48.
B. Data and Data Sources
The data sources of this research were the movie entitled Gie and its Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. The Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts were
downloaded from a reliable internet source, i.e. http:www.subscene.com
.The data were expression units representing modulation techniques that are located within
sentence units of analysis, which are derived from the main character’s expressions in dialogues. The main character was chosen since he is the central person in the
story. He is faced with a conflict that must be resolved. In addition, he is vital to the development and resolution of the conflict. In other words, the plot and the
resolution of the conflict revolve around him. Moreover, he generates the action of the story and engages the viewer’s interest and empathy.
