Optimum Translation The Types of Modulation Found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English Movie

A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to explicative modulation can be seen in datum 045EPMOPT below. Setting: Gie was invited to meet Soekarno. Gie as the representative of young Chinese-Indonesia who supports assimilation. At first, Gie seems like he did not interested. Eventually he went anyway ST : Kemaren dulu aku diminta menghadap Presiden Soekarno sebagai anggota delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi dan minta restu pada beliau. Minta restu TT : I was invited to meet Soekarno as a representative of young Chinese-Indonesians who supported assimilation and to ask for his blessing. His blessing 045EPMOPT The expression “delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi” is properly translated into “as a representative of young Chinese-Indonesian who supported assimilation”. The translation occupies explicative modulation since the translation of the source text expression is changed and extended into “as a representative of young Chinese- Indonesian who supported assimilation”. It gives a clear explanation of what the expression “delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi” meant. Also, it is easier to be understood for the readers of the target language. Thus, it reaches optimum translation. Below is the datum 021PTWOPT that reaches optimum translation and belongs to part to whole. Setting: Since in the young age, Gie began to write his daily life. He finds his passion on literature and philosophy. He read a lot of book of many genres. ST : Jum’at 14 Februari 1958 perempuan akan selalu dibawah tingkat laki-laki kalau yang diurusi cuma bajudankecantikan TT : Friday, February 14 1958 Women will always be beneath men if all they care about are clothes and make-up 021PTWOPT The word “baju” which means “a garment for upper body” is a part of apparel. It is translated properly into “clothes”. Meanwhile, the word “kecantikan” relates to the effort that face, body, and skin can be given special treatment to improve their appearance. “Kecantikan” is properly translated into “make-up” since it can be defined as cosmetic such as lipstick or powder applied to the face in order to improve their appearance. Hence, the translation is accepted and reaches optimum translation A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to part to another part can be seen in datum 003PAPNOTbelow. Setting: Han was hit by his aunt and he went to Gie’s home. Gie welcomes Han to sleep over but Dien and Djin disagree with him ST : Lu tinggal di sini. Lu tidur di situ ditempat Gue. TT : No, you stay here. You can sleep in my bed 003PAPOPT The expression “Lu tidur di situ di tempat Gue” when being literally translated will be “You can sleep here in my place”. However, the expression is translated into “You can sleep in my bed”. The translation is actually accepted since bed is often used for sleeping on. Thus, the translation reaches optimum translation. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to reversal of terms can be illustrated in datum 074ROTOPT below. Setting: There are many student organizations were born to against the government. Yet, what makes it little bit disappointing for Gie is that the student organization are basing their moves on the political party. ST : Organisasi mahasiswa yang besar seperti Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia, GMNI atau Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam, HMI, hingga yang terkecil Persatuan Mahasiswa Katolik bergerak dan berteriak atas nama golongan TT : Large student organizations like the National Student Organization and the Islamic Student Organization and even smalls ones like the Chatolic Student Union are basing their moves on their party’s political agenda 074ROTOPT The expressions“Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia”, “Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam” and “ Persatuan Mahasiswa Katolik”are reversed and translated properly into target expression to be “the National Student Organization”, “the Islamic Student Organization”, and “the Chatolic Student Union”. Moreover, both source text and target expression are in the form of proper noun. Therefore, the translation is accepted and reaches optimum translation. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to negation of opposite can be illustrated in datum 017NOPOPT below. Setting: Gie crtitizes his teacher named Mr. Arifin. He expresses his deep disappointment toward Mr. Arifin ST : Memang demikian kalau dia bukan guru pandai, tentang karangan saja dia lupa TT : But that’s a stupid teacher for you. Why, he doesn’t even know his subject. 017NOPOPT The expression “bukan guru pandai” is translated into “a stupid teacher”. The word “stupid” or “bodoh” is the negation of the word “pandai”. Thus, it belongs to negation of opposite and reaches optimum translation. However, the use of negation of opposite is only by chance since there is only one occurrence found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to active for passive can be seen in datum 011AFPOPT below. Setting: Gie expresses his deep disappointment toward his teacher ST : Nilai ulangan ku 8 tapi oleh guru ku dikurangi 3 TT : I got an 8 on a 10-point test, but the teacher knocked off another 3 points 011AFPOPT The expression “tapi oleh guru ku dikurangi 3” is in the passive form. Howev er, in target language, the translator changes it into active form “but the teacher knocked off another 3 points”. It is more accepted in the target language rather than “but by my teacher, it was knocked off another 3 points”. Thus, it reaches optimum translation. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to interval for limit can be seen in datum 053IFLOPT below. Setting: Gie gives comment on the film that has been watched by him and Mapala fellow ST : Ide utama film ini adalah menangkap segi-segi kemanusian dan latar belakang orang-orang yang hidupnya tinggal beberapa hari saja TT : The point of the film was to capture the human side of people who have but a few days to live 053IFLOPT The expression “beberapa hari” which indicates interval is translated into “a few days” which indicates limitation. It is properly translated since it gives an explanation over the exact time in the source text. Thus, it reaches optimum translation. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to change of symbol can be illustrated in datum 097COSOPT below. Setting: The jingle that sang by the demonstrans ST : Tek kotek kotek kotek TT : Cock, cock-a-doodle-doo 097COSOPT In Indonesian context, the expression “Tek kotek kotek kotek” is the long call which the cock makes. It is similar to “kukuruyuk”. “Tek kotek kotek kotek” is equivalence to “cock-a-doodle-doo”. Thus, it reaches optimum translation. There is no data found that belongs to space for time that reaches optimum translation. Thus, there is no provided analysis in this subject.

b. Partial Translation 1 Near Optimum Translation

It is exhibited when expression do not correspond stylistically. Furthermore, the form of expression is rendered in a different way. Then, the semantic equivalence is conveyed but very insignificant or nonessential inaccuracy might appear at semantic level. Moreover, the same information is maintained. In the translation of Gie’s Bahasa Indonesiamovie texts into Gie’s English movie texts, there are 28 data that reaches near optimum translation in which 6 data belong to abstract for concrete, 10 data belong to explicative modulation, 4 data belong to part to whole, 6 data belong to part to another part, and 2 data belong to reversal of terms. Each is explained below. A datum that reaches near optimum translation and belongs to abstract for concrete can be seen in datum 081AFCNOT below. Setting: Gie gives his article to Ben, Ben is glad to know that Gie finally join to Soemitro’s campaign The article that is written by Gie ST : Manifesto politik gerakan pembaharuan. Setelah kemerdekaan tercapai, kenyataan menunjukan kita masih jauh dari tujuan TT : A political manifesto for a Reform Movement. Through this country achieved its independence, we have yet to achieve the goals of the revolution 081AFCNOT The expression “kenyataan menunjukan kita masih jauh dari tujuan” is rather abstract for the readers of the target language to imagine. It is translated into “we have yet to achieve the goals of the revolution”. The translation is accepted since it makes easier the readers of the target language to understand the meaning behind the expression. In addition, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation. A datum that has near optimum translation and belongs to explicative modulation can be seen in datum 111EPMNOT below. Setting: Gie wrote a letter to Herman ST : Untuk Herman di Irian, Herman terimakasih untuk surat darimu yang tak pernah berhenti datang TT : Dear Herman, in far-away Irian, thanks for keeping up the steady stream of correspondence 111EPMNOT The expression “surat darimu yang tak pernah berhenti datang” is difficult for the readers of the target language to imagine. It is translated into “for keeping up the steady stream of correspondence”. The word “correspondence” directly explains of what the expression “surat darimu yang tak pernah berhenti datang” meant. It gives a clear explan ation of the source expression’s intention. In addition, it is easier to be understood by the readers of target language. Furthermore, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation. A datum reaches near optimum translation and belongs to part to whole can be seen in datum 115PTWNOT below. Setting: Gie wrote a letter to Herman ST : Sastra telah banyak berubah, banyak teman-teman dosen yang tidak berdedikasi dalam pekerjaannya TT : The department has changed so much. Many of my fellow lecturers seem to have no dedication or commitment at all 115PTWNOT The expression “sastra” means an area of knowledge such as history, languages, and philosophy which is especially studied in college or university. It is transla ted into “the department” since it is more general. In addition, it is easier to be understood by the readers of target language. Furthermore, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation. A datum that has near optimum translation and belongs to part to another part can be seen in datum 096PAPNOT below. Setting : The jingle that sang by the demonstrans ST : tapi sayang tukang ngobyek TT : Too bad every single one is a crook 096PAPNOT The expression “tukang ngobyek” is difficult for the readers of the target language to imagine. It can be defined as person who behaves in a dishonest way in order to get what they want. Then, i t is translated into “a crook” since it has similar meaning with “tukang ngobyek”. In addition, it sounds more general. Furthermore, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation.