A datum that belongs to change of symbol and reaches zero equivalence is presented in datum 012COSZER below.
Setting : Gie was bitterlydisappointed with his grade. He refuses to have an apology to make to Mr. Arifin
ST : Dendam yang disimpan lalu turun kehati mengeras bagai batu
TT : My anger has become a stone in my heart
012COSZER
The expression “mengeras bagai batu” is translated into “has become a stone in my heart”. It has totally different meaning with the expression of the
source text. The information is not maintained. The expression of the source text is in the form of connotation. The translator fails in translating it. Furthermore, the
translator seems disregard that it is connotation. Thus, the translation reaches zero equivalence.
2. The Degrees of Meaning Equivalence of Expressions and Its Translated Version Using Modulation Found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English Movie
Texts.
Translation meaning equivalence is associated not only with its form,but also with various degrees of meaning equivalence; equivalences are analyzed on
the basis of how the units of equivalence in translations correspond to the units in source texts.
a. Optimum Translation
Optimum translation is characterized by equivalence at all the levels. However, optimum or absolute equivalence is claimed to be impossible to reach as
structures of language differ. Optimum translation appears as soon as equivalence
is maintained at all the levels mentioned before and no variations or uncertainties are possible in this case.
In the translation of Gie’s Bahasa Indonesiamovie texts into Gie’s English movie texts, there are 86 data that reach optimum translation in which 6 data
belong to abstract for concrete, 12 data belong to explicative modulation, 25 data belong to part to whole, 1 datum belongs to part to another part, 26 data belong to
reversal of terms, 7 data belong to interval for limit, 1 datum belongs to negation of opposite, 6 data belong to change of symbol, and 2 data belong to active for
passive. Each is explained below. A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to abstract for
concrete can be seen in datum 020AFCOPT below. Setting: Since in the young age, Gie began to write his daily life. He finds his
passion on literature and philosophy. He read a lot of book of many genres ST
: Senin 28 Oktober 1957. Aku sudah masuk lagi.Bosan.Bosan. Aku ingin hidup di alam bebas seperti Tagore bilang
TT :
Monday, October 28, 1957 I’d like to study outside, in the open air,
like Tagore suggested.
020AFCOPT
The expression “alam bebas” is translated into “the pen air”. In this context, “alam bebas” denotes a free or unenclosed space outdoor. It rather difficult for the
readers of the target language to imagine the meaning of “alam bebas”. It is translated into “the open air” that is more concrete and easier to be understood.
Thus, the translation reaches optimum translation.
A datum that reaches optimum translation and belongs to explicative modulation can be seen in datum 045EPMOPT below.
Setting: Gie was invited to meet Soekarno. Gie as the representative of young Chinese-Indonesia who supports assimilation. At first, Gie seems like he did not
interested. Eventually he went anyway
ST : Kemaren dulu aku diminta menghadap Presiden Soekarno sebagai
anggota delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi
dan minta restu pada beliau. Minta restu TT
: I was invited to meet Soekarno as a representative of young Chinese-Indonesians who supported assimilation
and to ask for his blessing. His blessing
045EPMOPT
The expression “delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi” is properly translated into “as a representative of young Chinese-Indonesian who
supported assimilation”. The translation occupies explicative modulation since the translation of the source text expression is changed and extended into “as a
representative of young Chinese- Indonesian who supported assimilation”. It gives a
clear explanation of what the expression “delegasi pemuda-pemuda yang setuju dengan asimilasi” meant. Also, it is easier to be understood for the readers of the
target language. Thus, it reaches optimum translation. Below is the datum 021PTWOPT that reaches optimum translation and
belongs to part to whole. Setting: Since in the young age, Gie began to write his daily life. He finds his
passion on literature and philosophy. He read a lot of book of many genres. ST
: Jum’at 14 Februari 1958 perempuan akan selalu dibawah tingkat laki-laki kalau yang diurusi cuma bajudankecantikan
TT : Friday, February 14 1958 Women will always be beneath men if
all they care about are clothes and make-up 021PTWOPT
