Partial Translation 1 Near Optimum Translation

A datum reaches near optimum translation and belongs to part to whole can be seen in datum 115PTWNOT below. Setting: Gie wrote a letter to Herman ST : Sastra telah banyak berubah, banyak teman-teman dosen yang tidak berdedikasi dalam pekerjaannya TT : The department has changed so much. Many of my fellow lecturers seem to have no dedication or commitment at all 115PTWNOT The expression “sastra” means an area of knowledge such as history, languages, and philosophy which is especially studied in college or university. It is transla ted into “the department” since it is more general. In addition, it is easier to be understood by the readers of target language. Furthermore, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation. A datum that has near optimum translation and belongs to part to another part can be seen in datum 096PAPNOT below. Setting : The jingle that sang by the demonstrans ST : tapi sayang tukang ngobyek TT : Too bad every single one is a crook 096PAPNOT The expression “tukang ngobyek” is difficult for the readers of the target language to imagine. It can be defined as person who behaves in a dishonest way in order to get what they want. Then, i t is translated into “a crook” since it has similar meaning with “tukang ngobyek”. In addition, it sounds more general. Furthermore, the same information is still maintained. Thus, it belongs to near optimum translation. A datum that has near optimum translation and belongs to reversal of terms can be seen in datum 120ROTNOT below. Setting : The politic situation under Soeharto’s regime ST : Dominasi militer akan semakin kuat karena mereka adalah pahlawan baru TT : Because the military is the nation’s new hero, their domination grows 120ROTNOT The expression “pahlawan”can be defined as someone who is admired for having done something very brave of having achieved something great. “Pahlawan” has a similar meaning with the word “hero”. In addition, it is translated into “the nation’s new hero” not “the nation hero new”. Hence, the same information is still maintained and it belongs to near optimum translation 2 Weak Translation Weak translation refers to weak degree of equivalence maintained in the expression translation. The translation is considered weak when there is not enough equivalence or even there is no equivalence at semantic level. Furthermore, the form and the style of expression is maintained. Then, the information is conveyed. In several cases, additional information is added or some information is omitted. In t he translation of Gie’s Bahasa Indonesiamovie texts into Gie’s English movie texts, there are 26 data that reaches weak translation e in which 2 data belong to abstract for concrete, 2 data belong to explicative modulation, 18 data belong to part to another part, and 4 data belong to change of symbol. Each is explained below. A datum that reaches weak translation and belongs to abstract for concrete can be seen in datum 031AFCWET below. Setting : In 1959, Soekarno officially announced the concept of Guided Democracy. In class discussion, Gie expressed his opinion over the concept of Guided Democracy issues. He clearly stated his disagreement. ST : Dan radio masih berteriak teriak menyebarkan kebohongan TT : But the radio keeps spreading lies 031AFCWET The expression “berteriak teriak menyebarkan” refers to the way information that is broadcasted by the radio. The translator translates it into “keeps spreading”. In this context, the expression “berteriak-teriak” is a connotation. Yet, the translation is not in the form of connotation. Furthermore, the sense is also decreased from hyperbolic to more neutral one. The translation is accepted, yet it contains less hyperbolic sense. Thus, it only reaches weak translation. A datum that reaches weak translation and belongs to explicative modulation can be seen 084EPMWET below. Setting : Gie gives his article to Ben, Ben is glad to know that Gie finally join to Soemitro’s campaign The article that is written by Gie ST : Jelas sudah bagi kita bahwa istilah demokrasi terpimpin dipakai sebagai topeng belaka Justru untuk menindas dan menumpas azaz- azaz demokrasi itu sendiri TT : It is now very clear that the term guided democracy, if but a ploy for suppressing and destroying the very principles of democracy itself 084EPMWET The expression “topeng belaka” is translated into “a ploy”. The translator disregards that it is a connotation. The translation is accepted, yet it contains less hyperbolic sense. Thus, it only reaches weak translation. A datum that reaches weak equivalence and belongs to part to another part can be seen in datum 049PAPWET below. Setting : One of the three kinds of Soekarno’s title ST : Militer, Senopati Ing Ngalaga TT : A military title: Commander of the Battle 049PAPWET The word “Senopati Ing Ngalaga” which derived from Javanesse language has similar meaning to “Panglima perang”. “Panglima” is the commander in charge of all the armed forces of all the forces fighting in a particular area or operation. Thus, the expression “Senopati Ing Ngalaga” is translated into “Commander of the Battle” which is slightly different form. Thus, it reaches weak translation A datum that reaches weak translation and belongs to change of symbol is illustrated in datum 037COSWET below. Setting : Gie consistently speaks out his opinion against the government system in his group discussion. He encourages the other students to spoke out their opinion ST : Dan kaum kapitalismakin lahap memakan rakyat TT : And greedy capitalists are taking advantage of the situation 037COSWET The expression “kaum kapitalis makin lahap memakan rakyat” is translated into “greedy capitalists are taking advantage of the situation”. The expression “makin lahap memakan rakyat”is one of Indonesian idioms. It means to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them. Thus, the translator translates it into “taking advantage”. The translation is accepted, yet it contains less hyperbolic sense. Thus, it only reaches weak translation. There is no data that reaches weak translation belongs to part to whole, reversal of terms, active for passive, interval for limit, and negation of opposite. Thus, there is no explanation related to the topics.

c. Zero Equivalence

Zero equivalence is characterized by absolutely different wording from source expression into target expression. Then, a reference to the main idea of the original information is different as the semantics of the translated expression as an original information. Furthermore, the expressions also have different style and different form. In the translation of Gie’s Bahasa Indonesiamovie texts into Gie’s English movie texts, there are 4 data that reach zero equivalence in which 1 datum belongs to part to whole, 2 data belong to part to another part, and 1 datum belongs to change of symbol. A datum that reaches zero equivalence and belongs to part to wholw can be illustrated in datum 019PTWZER below. Setting: Gie expresses his deep disappointment toward Mr. Arifin ST : Guru bukandewa dan selalu benar dan murid bukan kerbau TT :Teachers are not gods and not always right either. And students are not just stupid buffalo. 019PTWZER The expression “dewa” and “kerbau” have totally different meaning from the expression “gods” and “buffalo”. In Indonesian context, “dewa” connotes flawless people. Besides, “kerbau” is a connotation that is used to describe someone as stupid and too willing to do what they have been told to do by someone in authority. However, the translator translates the expression literally without considering the meaning behind. Furthermore, the translator seems disregard that they are connotation. Thus, the translation reaches zero equivalence. A datum that reaches zero equivalence and belongs to part to another part can be seen in datum 035PAPZER below. Setting : Gie consistently speaks out his opinion against the government system in his group discussion. He encourages the other students to spoke out their opinion ST : Pergulatan antara militer dan PKI harus menuju pada titik-titik penentuan. TT : Tensionbetween the military and the Communist Party is on the rise 035PAPZER The expression “pada titik-titik penentuan” has totally different meaning with the expression “on the rise”. In other word, the translator is doing free translation. Yet, it fails and it makes a nonsense meaning. Thus, the translation reaches zero equivalence. A datum that reaches zero equivalence and belongs to change of symbol can be seen in datum 012COSZER below. Setting: Gie was bitterlydisappointed with his grade. He refuses to have an apology to make to Mr. Arifin ST : Dendam yang disimpan lalu turun kehati mengeras bagai batu TT : My anger has become a stone in my heart 012COSZER The expression “mengeras bagai batu” has totally different meaning with the expression “become a stone in my heart”. Yet, the translator translates the expression literally without considering the meaning behind. Furthermore, the translator seems disregard that it is connotation. Thus, the translation reaches zero equivalence.