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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research
Since the objectives were to describe the types of modulation and the degrees of meaning equivalence in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts, this research was considered as qualitative research. Qualitative method is a
research procedure which presents the descriptive data in the form of written or oral data from the subjects of research being observed Bodgan and Biklen, 1982: 39-
48.
B. Data and Data Sources
The data sources of this research were the movie entitled Gie and its Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. The Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts were
downloaded from a reliable internet source, i.e. http:www.subscene.com
.The data were expression units representing modulation techniques that are located within
sentence units of analysis, which are derived from the main character’s expressions in dialogues. The main character was chosen since he is the central person in the
story. He is faced with a conflict that must be resolved. In addition, he is vital to the development and resolution of the conflict. In other words, the plot and the
resolution of the conflict revolve around him. Moreover, he generates the action of the story and engages the viewer’s interest and empathy.
C. Instruments of the Research
The primary instrument of the research was the researcher himself since it employeda qualitative research. He acted as the planner, the collector, the observer,
the analyst, and the reporter of the findings. Furthermore, the secondary instrument of this research is the data sheet
which was used to collect sentence units of analysis in which expression units representing modulation techniques are located. The same expression units in
question in the same data sheet as an instrument are also analysed to measure the degrees of meaning equivalence. Table 1 illustrated the form of the data sheet used
to collect the data.
Table 1.Sample Data Sheet of Types of Modulationand Degrees of Meaning Equivalence
TIMES CODE
SETTING DATA
TYPES OF MODULATION DEGREES OF MEANING
EQUIVALENCE SOURCE TEXT
AFC EPM
PTW PAP
ROT NOP
AFP SFT
IFL COS
OPT PAR
ZER TARGET TEXT
NOT WET
List of Abbreviations Types of Modulation
AFC : Abstract for Concrete EPM : Explicative Modulation
PTW : Part to Whole PAP
: Part to Another Part ROT : Reversal of Terms
NOP : Negation of Opposite AFP
: Active for Passive and vice versa SFT
: Space for Time IFL
: Interval for Limits
COS : Change of Symbol
Degrees of MeaningEquivalence OPT : Optimum Translation
PAR : Partial Translation NOT : Near-Optimum Translation
WET : Weak Translation ZER : Zero Equivalence
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