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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the results of the research are explained in detail. This chapter is divided into two sections, namely findings and discussion. Each is
presented below. A.
Findings
In this section, the findings are presented based on two problem formulations as stated in Chapter I, which are to find out the types of modulation
technique used in Gie ’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts, and to identify the
degrees of meaning equivalence of expressions and its translatd version using modulation as found in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. There are ten types of modulation technique, namely abstract for concrete,
explicative modulation, part to whole, part to another part, reversal of terms, negation of opposite, active for passive, space for time, interval for limit, and
change of symbol. Then, degrees of meaning equivalence are also given to each expression ranging from optimum translation, partial translation near optimum
translation and weak translation, and zero equivalence. The degrees of meaning equivalence are used to show the accuracy of the translation.
Based on the analysis, this research reveals 144 data of modulation technique found in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English Movie texts. Then, the degrees
of meaning equivalence of each datum are also identified to show the accuracy of the translation. The following sections illustrate the research findings.
Table 2 below presents the result of data analysis dealing with the types of modulation technique and the degrees of meaning equivalence found in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts.
Table 2: Types of Modulation Technique and The Degrees of meaning Equivalence Found in Gie
’s Bahasa Indonesia-English Movie Texts
No Types of
Modulation Technique
Degrees of Meaning Equivalence
Tota l
Per ce
nt age
Optimum Translation
Partial Translation Zero
Translation Near
Optimum Translation
Weak Translation
1 Abstract for
Concrete 6
6 2
14 9.8
2 Explicative
Modulation 12
10 2
24 16.6
3 Part to Whole 25
4 1
30 20.8
4 Part to
Another part 1
6 18
2 27
18.8 5
Reversal of Terms
26 2
28 19.4
6 Negation of
Opposite 1
1 0.7
7 Active for
Passive 2
2 1.4
8 Space for
Time 9
Interval for Limit
7 7
4.9 10
Change of Symbol
6 4
1 11
7.6 Total
87 28
26 4
144 100
Percentage 60.4
19.4 18.0
2.2 100
Table 2 shows nine types of modulation technique found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English Movie texts, namely abstract for concrete, explicative
modulation, part to whole, part to another part, reversal of terms, negation of opposite, active for passive, interval for limit, and change of symbol. The most
often occurring type part to whole with 30 occurrences.Reversal of termsis in the second rank with 28 occurrences. Part to another part is in the third rank with 27
occurrences. Explicative modulation is in the fourth rank with 24 occurrences. Then, it is followed by abstract for concrete with 14 occurrences. Change of
symbol is the sixth rank with 11 occurrences. Interval for limit is in the seventh rank with 7 occurrences. Then, Active for passive with only 2 occurrences.
Meanwhile, the least occurring type is negation of opposite with only one occurrence. Negation of opposite is only by chance since there is only one
occurrence found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. Based on th
e findings, space for time is not found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts. The complete findings of types of modulation
technique found in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts are provided in Appendix A. Meanwhile, the detail of explanation of modulation technique found
in Gie’s Bahasa Indonesia-English movie texts is presented in the section of discussion. Furthermore, Table 2 shows that the expression translated using
modulation techniques reach 144 data. Related to the degrees of meaningequivalence, there are 86 data that belong to optimum translation.
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