Relevant Research Studies LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

At schools, students are taught four skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among those skills, writing is the most difficult task for students, because it belongs to a productive skill. Based on the Standard of Competences and the Basic Competence of English for Junior High School, in writing, students are able to express meanings in the form of written texts using a written language accurately, fluently, and acceptably. To fulfill these requirements, especially in expressing a short essay of narrative texts, it is very difficult for students. It is because a narrative text needs imagination and feeling to create a story. Therefore, students need some media that can stimulate their imagination to create a good narrative text. In order to help students in getting the idea and imagination to improve their ability in writing narrative texts, the teacher should have an appropriate teaching technique. One technique which can be used is using short animated stories. Short animated stories contain stories which have short duration and can be enjoyed by students. They will be attracted with the story, and this can lead them in creating a narrative text by retelling the story. By using short animated stories, students will know the plot of the story, and they can retell the story by writing it down. In other words, short animated stories can be used as media in teaching writing narrative texts. Besides, it can also motivate them in learning English. 28

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Type and Design of the Research

The research conducted here was classroom action research. According to Burns 2010: 2 action research is a part of a broad movement that has been going on in education generally for some time. It is related to the ideas of „reflective practice’ and „the teacher as researcher’. Furthermore, Elliot in Burns 2010: 5 defines action research as the study of a social situation with the view to improving the quality of the action in it. So, this research was done to look for the weaknesses and tried to get the way to improve the quality of the activities. Nunan in McKay 2006: 29 says that action research has three major characteristics: it is carried out by practitioners i.e., classroom teachers, it is collaborative, and it is aimed at changing things. It means that action research can be done by a teacher in a classroom with the help of other teachers to discuss what and how to improve the classroom activities so that the students achievement will be better. From the definitions above, it can be concluded that action research is research done by individuals on their own fields to improve their skill or job, for example, a teacher who wants to improve their teaching. The research is evaluative and reflective which means that the action can be evaluated then can be used to be reflection to make a better result. Besides, the research