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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type and Design of the Research
The research conducted here was classroom action research. According to Burns 2010: 2 action research is a part of a broad movement
that has been going on in education generally for some time. It is related to the ideas of „reflective practice’ and „the teacher as researcher’. Furthermore,
Elliot in Burns 2010: 5 defines action research as the study of a social situation with the view to improving the quality of the action in it. So, this
research was done to look for the weaknesses and tried to get the way to improve the quality of the activities.
Nunan in McKay 2006: 29 says that action research has three major characteristics: it is carried out by practitioners i.e., classroom teachers, it is
collaborative, and it is aimed at changing things. It means that action research can be done by a teacher in a classroom with the help of other teachers to
discuss what and how to improve the classroom activities so that the students achievement will be better.
From the definitions above, it can be concluded that action research is research done by individuals on their own fields to improve their skill or job,
for example, a teacher who wants to improve their teaching. The research is evaluative and reflective which means that the action can be evaluated then
can be used to be reflection to make a better result. Besides, the research
needs at least one collaborator to record and discuss the action that has been done.
In action research, there are some processes. According to Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 2010: 7, action research typically involves four
broad phases in a cycle of research. The four phases in a cycle are: 1 planning, 2 action, 3 observation, and 4 reflection.
B. Research Setting
1. Place of the Research
The research was conducted in
Sekolah Menengah Pertama
SMP
Negeri
2 Sanden, Bantul, Yogyakarta. It is located in Srigading, Sanden, Bantul. It was about 2 hectares in size. The school had eight
classes in each grade so it had 24 regular classes for teaching learning rooms. The school also has some facilities that could support the teaching
learning process. It has a teacher room, a principal room, a staff room, a library, a mosque, 2 laboratories, a hall, a wide yard, 2 basketball courts,
and 2 canteens. It also has parking areas for both the students and the teachers.
2. Time of the Research
The research was done from March to May, 2014. The research was conducted in three months. The time of the the research can be seen
through the table below.
Table 3. Time of the Research
3. Subject and Object of the Research
The researcher in collaboration with the English teacher, a college-mate, the students, and the principal of SMP N 2 Sanden had
conducted the action research. The subjects of this research were the students of class VIII C. Meanwhile, the object of this research was
students’ ability in writing narrative texts. No.
Step Month
March 2014 April 2014
May 2014 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
1 Observation
√
2 Planning
√ √
3 Action
implementation, evaluation,
reflection
√ √ √ √
4 Planning for cycle 2
√
5 Action
implementation, evaluation,
reflection
√ √ √ √
6 Analyzing data and
writing the report
√ √ √
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