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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a discussion of the method used in the research. The discussion includes research method, reseach instruments, data gathering
technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research was conducted by using qualitative research, especially descriptive qualitative research because this research was conducted to understand
the code switching phenomenon in teaching English to the second semester
students of the third grade in SMP Karitas Ngaglik in-depth. According to
Norman K. Denzin Yvonna S. Lincoln 2005, “Qualitative means a non-
numerical data collection or explanation based on the attributes of the graph or source of data”. Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 133 state that qualitative research
focuses on phenomena that occur in natural settings – that is, in the “real world”.
Qualitative research is a field of inquiry applicable to many disciplines and subject matters. The aim of qualitative research is to gather an in-depth
understanding, rather than a numeric analysis of data. Descriptive qualitative research is a research which describes the data and characteristics of the
phenomenon being studied. It answers the questions who, what, where, when, and how. In short, descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and
studied.
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Merriam 2002: 3-4 states that qualitative research tries to understand interpretations at a particular poin in time and in particular context, as follows:
The key to understand qualitative research lies with the idea that meaning is socially constructed by individuals in interaction with their world. There are
multiple constructions and interpretations of reality that are flux and change over time. And qualitative research tries to understand what those interpretations are at
a particular point in time and in particular context.
B. Research Participants
The participants of this research were the English teacher of the third grade and the first semester students of the third grade. The teacher was observed
while teaching English in order to determine the types of code switching that existed in the classroom. She was also interviewed in order to find out the reasons
for code switching and the effects of code switching in teaching English to the first semester students of the third grade in SMP Karitas Ngaglik toward English
learning. The answer from the teacher was used to strengthen the research findings from the cases of code switching. The questionnaire were distributed to
the students in order to find out the effects of code switching in teaching English to the first semester students of the third grade in SMP Karitas Ngaglik toward
English learning. The result of the questionnaire would be compared with research findings. It was used to strengthen the research findings.
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C. Research Instruments
