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odul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
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4. Cause dan Condition
Cause highlights a cause-effect relation between two ideas, or gives a reason why something happens, for example:
Because of wind and water erosion Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil each year.
Condition suggests the kinds of circumstances under which something happens or is done, for example:
If something is not done about this situation soon we will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves.
Contemporary literature has found a critical voice
For example Novels from Africa depict
ordinary people struggling against adversity
The writer elaborates the idea by giving an example.
The exemplification should make the idea or argument
clearer to your reader.
Because of
wind and water erosion
The writer uses because of to introduce a cause followed by
an effect .
Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil each year.
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
5. Time dan Place
These relations locate or sequence events, things and ideas in time or space. Of the two, time is by far the most common in academic writing. For example :
Non-absorbent cotton wool was put loosely on top of the mung beans. A bung was then attached to the respiration chamber and the respiration chamber was covered
with foil. Next, a syringe was attached to the bung and left there for ten minutes ...
Tabel 3 List of Logical conjunction
Relation Across sentences
Within a sentence
ADDITION REPLACEMENT
also in addition
furthermore moreover
further besides
likewise in the same way
similarly and,
and also nor
or, or else
CONTRAST COMPARISON
however on the other hand
in contrast on the contrary
instead nevertheless
even so despite this
still yet
but whereas
while yet
even though although
if Something is not done
about this situation
We will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves
The writer uses if to introduce a condition
followed by an outcome.
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odul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
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likewise similarly
just as while
both...and neither...nor
CAUSE CONDITION for this reason
therefore because of this
thus hence
as a result consequently
that being so in that case
otherwise because
since so
so that in order that
if...then if + neg verb
EXEMPLIFICATION RESTATEMENT
for instance to illustrate this
for example in other words
that is to put it another way
to sum up in brief
to clarify
TIME PLACE then
afterwards previously
up till now first
secondly thirdly
next finally
at thisthat point whenonce
after before
where
herethere
Source: http:sydney.edu.aulearningcentreclearer_writingmodule4logical_relationslogical_relations_intro.ht
ml retrived 5 January 2016
DISCUSSION 2 : CORE MODAL VERBS IN MODALITY
Modality is about a speaker’s or a writer’s attitude towards the world. A speaker or writer can express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity and ability
by using modal words and expressions. Core modal verbs: can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should, must
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