27 information collecting of this research. The researcher distributed questionnaire to
the students in order to understand the students’ lacks, needs, and wants.
2. Participants of the Material Validation
The participants of the material validation were two lecturers of English Language Educational Study Program of
Sanata Dharma
University. They were chosen to contribute in the materials validation. The other one was the English
teacher of
SMP Pangudi Luhur,
the English teacher was chosen also to contribute in the material validation. All of three people were chosen because of their
experience and expertise in English language teaching.
Table 3.1: The Description of Materials Validation Participants
Subjects FemaleMale
Educational Background
Teaching Experience Female
Male S1
S2 S3
0-5 6-10
21-25
Subject 1 √
√ √
Subject 2 √
√ √
Subject 3 √
√ √
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
To obtain the data for this research, the researcher conducted instrument to collect the data of information collecting and material validation. The instruments
were questionnaire and interview.
1. Questionnaire
Brown and Rodger 2002 stated that “a questionnaire is a list of questions asking about the opinion of people”. There are two kinds of questionnaire, namely
closed form and open form Lohen, 2003, p. 248 Closed form do not allow the respondents to give free responses as in the open form. The form of open form
28 allowed the respondents to give free responses on what were asked in the
questionnaire. There were two kinds of questionnaires which were distributed in this
research. The first one was the questionnaire for the students to collect the information of the students’ lacks, needs and also wants. It helped the researcher
in designing the materials because it was the basic information. The second questionnaire was the material validation for the experts in order to obtain the
appropriate design. The first questionnaire was given to the students in the beginning of May 2014. The second questionnaire was given to the experts in the
beginning of December 2014. In order to gather the data needed in this research, some techniques were
applied in information collecting and material validation. In information collecting, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to the 36 students at
SMP Pangudi Luhur
Yogyakarta in order to obtain the students’ lacks, needs and wants. In material validation, the researcher distributed the questionnaire and the
designed materials to the experts in order to obtain the feedback to revise the designed materials.
Table 3.2 t he Researcher’s Data Collection
Instruments Participants
Times Data Obtained
Questionnaire for Needs
Analysis The students of SMP
Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta
May 2014, before
designing the materials
Learners’ characteristics, learners’ educational
background, learners’ difficulties in learning English,
available facilities, learners’ needs and interests.
Questionnaire for Expert
Validation Two English Lectures
of English Education Research Activity of
Sanata Dharma
University December
2014, after designing the
materials. Review, comments and
suggestions to the design materials.
29
Instruments Participants
Times Data Obtained
Questionnaire for Expert
Users One English
Extracurricular Teacher of SMP Pangudi Luhur
Yogyakarta December
2014, after designing the
materials Review, comments, and
suggestions to the design materials.
2. Interview
