23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research method used in this research. This chapter consists of six important points in conducting the research. They are
research method, research setting, research participants, research instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research was conducted to obtain the relevant data needed in order to reach the research objective of this research. The researcher gathered and
analyzed the data to answer the question in the research problem of this research. There was one question to be answered, that was
‘what do speaking materials using task-based learning for the seventh grade students of English Extracurricular
Activity at
SMP Pangudi Luhur
Yogyakarta look like?’.
The researcher employed Educational Research and Development RD to achieve the research objective. According to Borg, Gall and Gall 2007,
Educational Research and Development RD is “an industry-based
development model in which the findings of research are used to design new products and procedures, which then are systematically field-tested, evaluated,
and refined until they meet specified criteria of effectiveness, quality, or similar
24 standards.” The goal of RD is to take this research knowledge and incorporate it
into a product that can be used in the schools Borg Gall, 1983, p. 771 In Educational Research and Development, there are several steps which
are usually referred to RD cycle. According to Borg, Gall and Gall 2007, there are ten major steps in the RD cycle, namely:
1. Identification of the goal for the instructional activities or product which can
be done by having need analysis. 2.
Analysis of the instruction which is undertaken to specify the specific skills, procedure, learning task that are involved in reaching the goals of instruction.
3. Identification of the learner’s entry level and instructional setting.
4. Translating the needs and goals of instructions into specific performance
objectives. 5.
Developing the instructional assessments which are related directly to the knowledge of the students and the specific skills performed in the objectives.
6. Developing a specific instructional strategy for assisting learners with their
efforts to achieve each performance objective. 7.
Developing the instructional materials. 8.
Designing and conducting formative validation of instruction. 9.
Revising the instruction. 10.
Designing and conducting summative validation. Based on the ten steps, the researcher would not use all of the ten steps but
only used the five steps which were adopted from those ten steps. The reasons of the researcher would not use the ten steps are the limitation of time and also the
25 limitation of money. Moreover this research would be conducted in undergraduate
level so the difficulty of conducting the ten steps would be very high. Therefore this research would be adopted from the research and development cycle into five
steps. Therefore, the steps which would be used in this research could be
explained as follows: 1.
Information Collecting: the first step will be the combination of the first three steps in the RD cycle. This step consisted of the goals of the material design
and the learners ’ level.
2. Planning: this step is the adoption of fourth step of the original RD cycle.
The researcher will translate the needs and goals of instructions into specific performance objectives. The objectives will be the basic of the design
materials. 3.
Material development: the researcher adopted the fifth, sixth, and seventh step in the RD cycle as the third step in this research. This step will be the main
step in developing the materials. After developing the materials, the next step will be explained below.
4. Material validation: the ninth and the tenth step in the RD cycle will be
summarized as the fourth step in this research. The step will is material validation. The validation will be conducted by the experts.
5. Revision: some revision is conducted in order to improve the design materials.
The revision is also conducted by distributing questionnaire to the experts. In addition of the purpose of main product revision was to determine the success
26 of the new product in meeting its objectives and also to collect information
that can be used to improve the product.
B. Research Setting