Approach of the Study

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter will be divided into two parts of analysis. The first part of the analysis portrays the contribution of the pragmatic approach with the specific concept of presupposition to depict the presupposed meaning in Harvey Milk‘s utterances. The theory of presupposition will be assisted with a lexical semantic approach to help the understanding of certain presupposed meaning depicted through either lexical or non-factive presupposition. The first part of the analysis answers the first problem formulation of the study. The second part of the analysis portrays the ideologies which are liberty and optimism depicted through the presupposed meaning in the utterances found in the film script. The depiction is done with critical discourse analysis in which the utterances will serve as a discourse that emphasizes the negative other presentation outgroups‘ bad things such as dominance, power abuse, and inequality displayed to the gay community. The outgroups‘ bad things are then resisted with an underlying belief called ideology, and supported by the positive self presentation ingroups‘ good things emphasized through the presupposed meaning. Thus, the emphasis shows that the presupposed meaning carries an ideological effect. The second part of the analysis answers the second problem formulation of the study.

A. Presupposed Meaning in the Characters’ Utterances

This part examines the presupposed meaning that can be identified through the utterances made by the characte rs in Dustin Lance Black‘s film entitled Milk. There are six types of presuppositions affirmed by Yule 1996 which are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, non-factive presupposition, counter-factual presupposition, and stuctural presupposition. The presupposed meaning in the utterances made by the characters in Dustin Lance Black‘s can be presupposed in all types of presuppositionsaffirmed by Yule. In this chapter, the symbol ―‖ stands for presupposes and the underlined word, phrase, or sentence shows the trigger of each presupposed meaning. The percentage of types of presuppositions that occur in characters‘ utterances in Dustin Lance Black‘s film entitled Milk is presented in chart 4.1. as follows. Chart 4.1. Types of Presuppositions PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

1. Presupposed Meaning in Existential Presupposition

Existential presupposition is a type of presupposition which presupposes certain meaning by using definite descriptions such as possesive remarks, noun phrases, or proper names. Based on the data above, it indicates that the researcher finds 25.6 out of 39 utterances in the film script that belong to the existential presupposition. There are 10 utterances in the film script that presuppose meaning based on existential presupposition. The summary of the presupposed meaning based on existential presupposition can be seen in the table below. PageScene Characters Utterances 13 Harvey Milk Harvey Milk‘s recorded will 920 Harvey Milk McConnelly Scott Smith Conversation 2625 David Goodstein Harvey Milk Conversation 3657 Harvey Milk Conversation with a boy 4167 Dan White Press Conference 4976 Channel 5 Reporter Harvey Milk Conversation Interview by the reporter 5888 Anne Kronenberg Harvey Milk Conversation 6894 Harvey Milk Harvey Milk‘s recorded will 7099 Cleve Jones Harvey Milk Conversation 81112 Harvey Milk Speech at the City Hall‘s front doors Table 1. Utterances with Existential Presupposition All of the utterances mentioned in the table above presuppose a meaning that is triggered by the definite description, such as possesive remarks, noun phrases, and proper names. The first utterance is found in Scene 3, portraying Harvey Milk‘s recorded will in a tape recorder which can only be played in the event of his assasination if it occurs. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI