Presupposed Meaning in Counter-Factual Presupposition

PageScene Characters Utterances 84116 Art Agnos Harvey Milk Conversation 58-5988 Anne Kronenberg Harvey Milk Conversation 87119 Harvey Milk John Briggs Conversation 99140 Harvey Milk Mayor Moscone Conversation Table 6. Utterances with Structural Presupposition In the table above, it illustrates that all structural presupposition can be found in a conversation between Harvey Milk and other characters in the film script. The first utterance is found in Scene 40, portraying Harvey Milk‘s conversation with Rick Stokes. 1 Rick Stokes: You can‘t demand acceptance overnight. Harvey Milk: Why not? How can we ask them to respect us if we don‘t show ourselves some self respect, David? p.26 Harvey Milk and his gay community demand a respect. Based on the conversation above, it presupposes that Harvey Milk and his gay community demand a respect, indicated by the question how can we ask them to respect us. The question implies the intention of Harvey Milk and his gay community to ask for respect from the people in San Francisco, which is doubted by Rick Stokes that believes it cannot be demanded overnight, which implies that getting an acceptance and acknowledgement to Harvey Milk‘s gay community will require a long journey to go to. The second utterance is found in Scene 116, portraying Harvey Milk‘s conversation with Art Agnos. 2 Art Agnos: Mr. Milk, I‘ve worked for years as a social worker in this city. I know Sacramento. I know how to get done what we all need done there. Harvey Milk: Tell me Mr. Agnos. . .right here in the Castro, Robert Hillsbourough was murdered for walking home with his long time partner. Stabbed, fifteen times. The last words he heard were ―Faggot, Faggot, Faggot. . .‖ And you say you‘re outraged, but why won‘t your liberal establishment return our calls? Why won‘t they bring these murderers to justice? The murderers of Robert Hillsbourough will not be brought to justice. Based on the conversation above, it presupposes that the murderers of Robert Hillsbourrough will not be brought to justice. It can be indicated by Harvey Milk‘s question that asks for a reason why the murderers are saved from the criminal justice system in San Francisco. It means that the murderers were not punished during that era even though they had imposed an irreparable harm to Robert Hillsbourough by taking away his irreversible life without his consent at all. This presupposed meaning elaborates the unfair treatment to the gay society in which the gay murder case is not being processed in court, thus implying an improportional implementation of criminal justice system in San Francisco during that era. The third utterance is found in Scene 88, portraying Harvey Milk‘s conversation with Anne Kronenberg. 3 Harvey Milk: Good or Bad? Anne K.: Not great. State Senator John Briggs is Anita Bryant‘s go- to guy in California for sure. He‘s filed his petition for a statewide referendum to fire all gay teachers and anyone who supports them. Harvey Milk: How many signatures will he need to qualify for the ballot? p. 58-59 John Briggs needs signatures to ratify a petition advocating for a statewide referendum to fire all gay teachers. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Based on the conversation above, it presupposes that John Briggs, as Anita Bryant‘s avid supporter, needs signatures from San Francisco society to ratify a petition advocating for a statewide referendum to fire all gay teachers. This presupposed meaning is indicated through the way Harvey Milk asks how many signatures that John Briggs needs to validate the petition, which confirms that the information is true. The fourth utteran ce is found in Scene 119, portraying Harvey Milk‘s conversation with John Briggs. 4 John Briggs: No, I‘m saying that we cannot prevent child molestation so let‘s cut our odds down adn take out the homosexual group and keep in the heterosexual group — Harvey Milk: --Sir, in your own drive for personal power, how many careers are you willing to see destroyed? How many lives will you destroy in your lust for power, and when will you stop? There are many careers that John Briggs is willing to see destroyed. There are many lives that John Briggs will destroy in his lust for power. Based on the conversation above, it presupposes two kinds of meaning. The first one is there are many careers that John Briggs is willing to see them destroyed. The second one is there are many lives that John Briggs will destroy in his lust for power. Those two kinds of presupposed meaning can be indicated by the way Harvey Milk asks John Briggs using how many which aims to ask the degree of quantity in an action instead of whether or not the action will be taken. It means that it is already confirmed that John Briggs would like to blatantly destroy the lives and careers of gay people for the sake of maintaining his power in the authority. The fifth utterance is found in Scene 140, portraying Harvey Milk‘s conversation with Mayor Moscone. 5 Mayor M.: A man has the right to change his mind. Give me some peace. Harvey Milk: How many of our propositions has Dan shut down? We could finally settle this police desegregation nonsense. Cememt rent control. It‘s his vote on this Board that stands in our way. Dan White has shut down Harvey Milk‘s propositions Based on the conversation above, it presupposes that Dan has shut down Harvey Milk‘s propositions. It can be indicated through the way Harvey Milk also asks the degree of quantity in Dan‘s action of shutting down his propositions instead of asking whether or not Dan White has done such an action. As a result, it depicts the fact that Dan White is truly an opposition of Harvey Milk by channeling his stance of disagreement through shutting down Milk‘s propositions that are ―gay-friendly‖ and supportive towards the gay liberation movement.

B. Ideologies in the Character’s Utterances

This part inspects the i deologies promoted by Dustin Lance Black‘s film entitled Milk which are presented through the characters‘ utterances in the film. The inspection of the utterances will focus on the presupposed meaning using Yule‘s theory of presupposition 1996. Considering that the presupposed meaning is potentially ideological, they will be used as a tool to emphasize the negative other presentation outgroups‘ bad things such as dominance, power abuse, and inequality that are enacted in the context of gay liberation in San Francisco during the 1970s. The outgroups‘ bad things are then resisted with an PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI