2 Initialisms Eponyms Types of English Word Formation
Ba‘dulu Herman in their book Morfosintaksis have summarized Nida‘s work. They also describe the structural morphology processes to describe word
formation. They write the point to analyze and describe words from Nida‘s book
into four processes:
Figure 2.2 The Organization of Structural Morphology
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The first task for the analyst is to identify all the morpheme, both free and bound morpheme from the data that have been collected. The second component
is word formation which explains about how morphemes in a language arranged in groups to form real words in that language. The third is morphophonology
processes, a mechanism of morphophonology processes which show the changes that occur in the merger of morpheme. The last component is dictionary. All the
word that passed those three processes will be or must be listed in a dictionary.
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An example of the process of structural morphology theory is the word helpfulness
. First thing to do is separates the word helpfulness into smaller parts, make a list of morpheme which contain in the word. helpfulness is consist of three
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Ibid,p. 16
98
Ibid, pp. 16-17
List of Morphemes
Word Formation
Morphophonology Processes
Dictionary
morphemes help, -ful, and –ness. Help is the base which is free morpheme
because it is also an independent word. Then, -ful and –ness are the bound
morphemes or suffixes because it cannot stand alone as a word and it attached at the end of the base. But, in morphology, helpfulness can be sonsist of two
morphemes. They are helpful and –ness. Helpful is as the root which is a free
morpheme and –ness as the suffix.
Second is the process of word formation. Helpfulness is a derivation word formation because it creates new lexical items using pre-existing morphemes and
words and changes the syntactic category from helpful adj into helpfulness n. Helpfulness
is the type of derivation by affixation because it creates new word by adding affix
–ness. Third is the morphophonology processes. Helpfulness does not have any special morphophonological process in changing or omitting the letters
to form it into a new word. It only added a suffix –ness. The last step is dictionary.
Helpfulness is listed in Cambridge Dictionary with a meaning ―willing to help, or
useful‖.
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It means that the word helpfulness is a real word and agreed by people in the world.