from mythology, history, a place name, a brand name, etc.
93
It is like turning a proper noun into a common noun. For example: boycott Charles Boycott,
an English land agent in Ireland, cheddar a village in Somerset when the cheese first came, atlas he was condoned by Zeus, the leader of the Greek
gods, to support the earth and heavens on his shoulders, Google was an internet search engine registered and launched in 1998; the verb to google
has been in use since 1999.
3. Structural Morphology Theory
Modern linguistics has three approaches in twentieth-century: structuralism, functionalism and generativism.
94
Ferdinand de Saussure known as the Founding Father of modern linguistics has an important role in structural linguistics
followed by Franz Boas, Leonard Bloomfield and Edward Sapir.
95
Structuralism focuses on the description of languages. Eugene A. Nida releases Morphology:
The Descriptive Analysis of Words in 1946 which talk about the description of
words structure. Yet, Nida uses the term morpheme in his book to explain and describe about word formation. In his book, Nida explains and describes about the
meaning of morpheme, kinds of morpheme, how morphemes merger to form a word, morphological structure, also identify the meaning of morphemes.
96
93
Ibid, p. 19
94
Kirsten Malmkjaer, op.cit., p. xxxiii
95
Ibid
96
Eugene A. Nida, Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words Second Edition, United States of America: The University of Michigan Press, 1949
Ba‘dulu Herman in their book Morfosintaksis have summarized Nida‘s work. They also describe the structural morphology processes to describe word
formation. They write the point to analyze and describe words from Nida‘s book
into four processes:
Figure 2.2 The Organization of Structural Morphology
97
The first task for the analyst is to identify all the morpheme, both free and bound morpheme from the data that have been collected. The second component
is word formation which explains about how morphemes in a language arranged in groups to form real words in that language. The third is morphophonology
processes, a mechanism of morphophonology processes which show the changes that occur in the merger of morpheme. The last component is dictionary. All the
word that passed those three processes will be or must be listed in a dictionary.
98
An example of the process of structural morphology theory is the word helpfulness
. First thing to do is separates the word helpfulness into smaller parts, make a list of morpheme which contain in the word. helpfulness is consist of three
97
Ibid,p. 16
98
Ibid, pp. 16-17
List of Morphemes
Word Formation
Morphophonology Processes
Dictionary
