Main field testing Process of Developing the Iconic Model

now I understand how to pronounce them. Appendix8IT015Q4 From the above statement, the application was useful as a learning media to learn speaking since the activities in the application contain several activities which support the students’ speaking skill. EEL provides pronunciation practice and listening exercises that can help the students how to pronounce the words in the dialog correctly. It is also supported by the result of open-ended questionnaire below. EEL can help us to improve our speaking skill, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Appendix7OEQ4Q1 The result shows that EEL does not only help students to learn pronunciation but also to learn vocabulary and to improve speaking skill. Moreover, this application also could help the students to enrich their vocabulary mastery. It was also proved by the following Interview Transcript. My vocabulary mastery can be improved because it provides exercises to practice our skill. Appendix8IT015Q5 The result above shows that EEL provides several activities to enrich the students’ vocabulary mastery. It is also supported by the result of open-ended questionnaire below. It can help us to learn speaking, enrich our vocabulary...... Appendix7OEQ4Q1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The other student also stated that this application could enrich the vocabulary mastery. It was proved by the following result of open-ended questionnaire. This application can help us to learn speaking, listening, grammar, and vocabulary. Appendix7OEQ4Q1 The previous statements showed that this application was useful to help the students to learn speaking skill for example in improving their pronunciation and vocabulary mastery. It was in line with the macro and micro skills of speaking skill. The second part is about the types of speaking activity proposed by Brown 2001. He suggests that there are two types of speaking activity, i.e. imitative and responsive. Imitative is focusing on some particular element of language form rather than for the purpose of meaningful interaction. While responsive is focusing on the students’ short replies to initiate questions or comment. The result of the questionnaire showed in high criteria. The students are able to imitate words, phrases, or sentence. Students would get opportunity to listen and repeat orally to the certain language expressions. Then, the students are able to give short replies to initiate questions or comment. In this aspect, the students will respond based on the situation given. Generally, the aspects of the speaking skills were suitable to the students. The next part is about the material appropriateness. As stated previously, the researcher designed the materials in the application according to the school- based curriculum. The researcher analyzed the syllabus and then determined the topics to create the content of the application. The students agreed that the materials used in the application are appropriate to the syllabus of the semester for the XI students. It was stated by the mean score of 1.05, which was considered as high. Thus, it can be inferred that the content of the materials in the application were supported to help the students in learning speaking. Related to the parts of EEL application, the application was in line with the principles of assisted mobile language learning, proposed by Stockwell Hubbard 2013. Generally, all of the statements in this part are in high criteria. It means that most students agreed that the exercises in the Easy English application could help the students to learn speaking. In line with the result, mobile activities, tasks, and applications connected with the principle of second language learning. They agreed that the application could be used to learn and improve their speaking skills. The product was also easy to operate, simple and helpful to learn English especially speaking skill. Furthermore, the students also agreed that the division of the activities in the application Let’s start, Let’s practice, and Let’s have fun could facilitate the students to learn speaking easily. The following Interview Transcript also supports it. R : The application is divided into three section, i.e. let’s start, let’s practice and let’s have fun. What do you think about it? S7 : I think three of them have helped the students to learn speaking. In the beginning, the students can be guided what topics should be learnt. The second part is about activities and exercises, which supported the students’ speaking skill. And the last part is just for having fun, I think it’s interesting. Appendix8IT014Q3 Since the product could be applied by using mobile devices, i.e. hand phones or tablets, the students also agreed that the application could be used as their didactic learning. By using the application, the students were able to learn speaking by themselves. The activities in the application accommodated the students’ learning styles. The product was in accordance with the principles of mobile learning. The students stated that EEL was useful to help them practice speaking. It shows that the result of the questionnaire was in high-very high criteria. It means that EEL is good and useful to be used as one of supporting media to learn speaking for the eleventh grade students. Most students state that EEL is simple, practical, and interesting to help students to learn speaking. They also mentioned about some strength of the application. It is very simple, easy to operate, practical, and also interesting. It is also in line with the result of open-ended questionnaires and interview. It is practical and portable... Appendix7OEQ4Q1 The open-ended questionnaire result above shows that the student agreed that the application is practical and portable. It was in accordance with the principle of m-learning, i.e. equitable use and simple and intuitive Elias, 2011. Since it was portable, the application can be used as a supporting media to learn speaking either in the classroom or outside the class. It means that they can learn speaking by themselves. The following statement also supports it. It can help us to learn speaking not only in the classroom but also outside the class. Appendix7OEQ4Q1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Based on the above statement, one strength of EEL is its flexibility because it can be accessed through mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Thus, the students can learn by using EEL anywhere and anytime. The following statement also supports it. It can be accessed easily and portable. It is interesting. Appendix7OEQ4Q2 By its flexibility, the students had to manage their own learning pace as well as the opportunity to learn by using EEL by themselves. Moreover, the students agreed that the layout design of the application was more attractive now. The researcher had made some revision towards the layout design in order to attract the students’ attention to be more motivated to learn speaking by using EEL. The following Interview Transcript supports it. I previously said that the layout design was not attractive. But now the layout is good and colorful. Appendix8IT015Q2 After revising the layout design, it found out that the students were really interested with the application. Besides its flexibility, the layout is the main feature of the application. The students said that the layout was now interesting and colorful. It is also supported by the result of open-ended questionnaire. The layout design is attractive, easy, practical, and fast. Appendix7OEQ4Q2 Nevertheless, there was also unsatisfying result about the application. The students pointed out that some audios were not clear enough. It was stated by the following Interview Transcript. ...but in some lessons, there are some audios, which is not clear enough. Appendix8IT017Q5 From the above statement, the researcher should do some revision to the audios, which are not clear. It might bother the users when they ran the application. Therefore, the researcher would revise the problems in order to make the application be better.

5. Evaluation

After gathering data and knowing the strength and weaknesses of the application, the researcher was able to evaluate the product. In evaluating the designed application, the researcher did some revisions toward EEL to meet the criteria from the users. Feedback from the users serves as the suggestion for Operational Product Revision. The only revision was revising the audio. The researcher tried to filter the noise by using audacity as suggested by the expert validator. However not all audios could be changed due to some limitation of App Inventor. In order to get the better quality of the audios, the original file should be in MP3 format with a big file size. If the size of the audios were large, the application would not be able to be built through App Inventor. That is why the quality of the audio in the initial lesson was rather good than the latest ones. It is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI necessary to select possible revisions toward the product since App Inventor has some limitations. Then, the final product was the last revised version of EEL.

B. The Description of the Iconic Model of Android Application

This part would elaborate the description of the iconic model in order to answer the first research question that was to present the designed Android application-learning model for Senior High School grade XI students. The Android application-learning model was called Easy English Learning Android Application EEL. The final product was EEL that had been previously validated by the experts and users. EEL was an android application, which can be installed by using mobile devices with Android Operating System Android Os. The size of the file is 10.6 MB. After installing the EEL, there will be an icon of EEL in the home screen of the mobile phones. The icon can be seen in the following figure. Figure 4.3. The Icon of EEL in hand phone screen The icon presents that EEL has been successfully installed in the mobile phone. Then the user just simply clicks the icon to access EEL. The first screen after opening EEL is the home screen. The home screen contains the title of the application, welcome note, and the goal of the application, start button, help button, and exit button. The following figure is the home screen of the application. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Figure 4.4. The Home screen of the Final Version of EEL The home screen of EEL contains two images, one label, and three buttons. There are three buttons in the screen, i.e. Start button, Help button, and Exit button. The Start button will lead to the menu screen lesson screen, while the Help button will lead to About button description of the application, Resource button resource materials used in the application, and Contact Info button contact and information of the developer. The Exit button appears in all screens so that user can exit anytime and anywhere. The use of buttons is consistent from one screen to another. This is in line with the first characteristic of well-designed software, consistency. It means that the elements on the screen remains stable from one display to the next, such as color, layout, capitalization, and fonts which must be consistent Egbert Hanson-Smith, 1999. The function of the buttons is to help the users to get easy navigation in operating the application. When the users click the start button, then it will lead to the menu screen as presented in the following figure. Figure 4.5. The Menu Screen of EEL The menu screen contains the list of the lessons. There are nine lessons in this menu, which were in accordance with the Competency Standards and Basic Competences of English Speaking for Grade XI. Lesson one through lesson five contain a lists of topics for the first semester, whereas lesson six through lesson nine are for the second semester. The title of the topics for the first semester are: 1 What do you think?, 2 Am I satisfied?, 3 Watch out, 4 Do you mind?, 5 That’s wonderful. While the title of the topics for the second semester are: 6 Do you know my feeling?, 7 What a sham e, 8 It’s very irritating me, and 9 Sorry, I have to say “No”. Each lesson consists of three sections, i.e. Let’s start, Let’s practice, and Let’s Have Fun. Let’s start contains the materials to build the students’ knowledge about the topics. Let’s practice contains several activities which supporting their speaking skills. Let’s have fun contains some fun materials like role play, speaking activities or songs. The researcher used the name “Let’s” in each sections because it means a polite way in givi ng instruction. “Let’s” also