C. Research Setting and Participants
This research was aimed at developing an m-learning model for eleventh grade students. Since the result of the research is a learning product, the researcher
needed to gather the data from the various participants. The descriptions of the setting and the participants are elaborated as follows.
1. Research Setting
As the target users were the eleventh grade students of Senior High School, the research was conducted in SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. The school is
located in Jalan Jendral Sudirman number 87 Yogyakarta.
2. Research Participants
In developing the learning model, the researcher also gathered data from various research participants. The participants were the target learners and the
experts. The target learners were the eleventh grade students who were Language Department students of SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. They validated the product by
giving feedbacks, opinions, comments, and suggestions related to the material and media aspects of the application when it was implemented in preliminary and
main field testing through the questionnaires and interviews. There were four experts involved in this research, two experts of materials and two experts of
media with different backgrounds. They were an English lecturer, an English teach
er and two IT lecturers. The further description of the experts’ background can be seen in the following table.
Table 3.2. The Description of the Expert Validators
Participants Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in year S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
10-15 16-20
An English lecturer -
1 -
- -
1 -
An English teacher 1
- -
- -
- 1
IT lecturers -
2 -
1 1
- -
The experts validated the product of the research by giving feedbacks, opinions, and suggestions. The experts of materials were the English lecturer and
the English teacher. They gave opinions, feedbacks, comments, and also suggestion related to the materials content in the product. Meanwhile, the experts
of media were the IT lecturers. They gave evaluation about the design, layouts, or technical aspects of the product.
D. Data Collection Technique
As the objective of this research was to develop a product, that was an m- learning model using Android application for eleventh grade students of Senior
High School, the researcher needed the data from the various research participants to be collected and analyzed. The research was conducted in the even semester of
the Academic year of 20152016 in February – March 2016. However, the needs
analysis had been conducted in the odd semester, on November 2015. The data of this research was qualitative and quantitative in nature. The
qualitative data were gathered by conducting interviews and class observation. The researcher collects the qualitative data in the form of opinions, suggestions,
comments, and expectation related to the evaluation of the learning model while the quantitative data were collected from the questionnaires. The detailed
elaboration of the steps, needed data, participants, instrument, and time were clearly shown on as the following.
Table 3.3. The Steps, Data Needed, Participants, Instrument, and Time Steps
Instrument Data Needed
Participants Time
Research and
information collecting
analysis Observation
Questionnair es
Interviews The students’ real
needs The
eleventh grade
students of
Language Department,
SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta
The
English teacher of SMA
Bopkri 2
Yogyakarta November
, 2015 The
students’ interests in learning
English, especially
speaking The students’ oral
proficiency Students’
communicative competence
Students’ difficulties in learning English
especially in
speaking skill The
use of
technology in
teaching and
learning activity The
method and
technique used by the
teacher in
conducting English teaching
and learning
process, especially related to
speaking skill Teachers’ opinion
about teaching
speaking and mobile learning
continued PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 3.3 continued Preliminary
Field Testing
Developm ent
Questionnair es
Interviews The fulfillment of
good mobile
learning model
requirements An English
Lecturer of English
Language Department,
Sanata Dharma University
An English teacher of SMA
Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta
An IT lecturer of Duta Wacana
Christian University
An Engineering lecturer of
Gadjah Mada University
The eleventh
grade students
of Language
Department, SMA Bopkri 2
Yogyakarta some students
February, 2016
Feedback from the participants towards
the validity of the design
learning model
More
detailed information
on comment
and suggestion from the
participants towards the validity of the
design
learning model
Main Field Testing
Implement ation
Questionnair e
Interview Feedback from the
participants towards the validity of the
design
learning model
The eleventh
grade students
of Language
Department, SMA Bopkri 2
Yogyakarta March,
2016
More detailed
information on
comment and
suggestion from the participants towards
the validity of the design
learning model
Based on the above table, it shows that the data were obtained from the research participants in some stages of the research procedure. The instruments
were used to attain valid and reliable data from the research participants. The following is the elaboration about the instruments used in the research.
1. Questionnaire
A questionnaire was used as one of the instruments to gather the participants’ opinions toward the product. Seliger and Shohamy 1989: 172 state
that questionnaire was a printed list for the data collection, which contained questions or statements for the subject to response. Questionnaires can be used to
attain quantitative, qualitative, and mixed data. It depends on the objective of the research. According to Ary, et.al. 2002, there are two types of questionnaires;
they are structured or close questionnaire and constructed or open questionnaire. In structured or close questionnaires, both questions and answers are provided.
The respondents choose response that the best represents their opinions. While in unstructured or open questionnaire, the respondents elaborate their opinions using
their own words. This research used both structured and unstructured form questionnaires since it was more effective in gathering the data by using those two
methods. The first method was used by providing some statements and the respondents were asked to select their answers from 1 to 5 points of agreements
using the Likert scale. Meanwhile, the second method gave opportunity for the participants to freely express their opinion by writing their own sentences.
In this study, the researcher used both structured and unstructured questionnaires in conducting need analysis. The need analysis questionnaire was
aimed to gather information related to the students’ interests in learning English
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