Table 4.9 continued 8.
It’s very
irritating me Expressing
annoyance and anger
Students are
able to identify the expression
of annoyance and anger
Students are
able to
respond the
expression of annoyance and
anger Listening to audio
conversation Responding to the
conversation Pronunciation
practice Rearrange
the dialogues
exercise while listening to
audio Multiple
choice exercise
Role play exercise Listen to the song
and filling
the missing lyrics
9. Sorry, I have
to say “No”. Expressing
attitude: opinion,
agreement Students
are able to identify
the expression of
attitude: opinion,
agreement Students
are able
to respond
the expression of
attitude: opinion,
agreement Listening to audio
conversation Responding to the
conversation Pronunciation
practice Filling
Blanks exercise
while listening to audios
Filling Blanks
exercise Role play exercise
Interviewing friends exercise
Listen to the song and
filling the
missing lyrics
After selecting the appropriate materials and activities, the researcher then developed the blueprints for the questionnaires and guidelines for the
interviews. The researcher designed the blueprints based on the concepts and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
indicators for need analysis, experts, and users validation. The blueprints can be seen in Appendix 2.
3. Development
In the Development step, the researcher used the combination the two- research design, the ADDIE and RD model. The step consists of three stages of
research design, namely develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. In developing preliminary form of product, the
researcher began to develop the application. It consists of developing materials, a flowchart, and a storyboard, application using App Inventor, building the
application into .apk file format, and trying it out through a mobile phone. Meanwhile, in the preliminary field-testing step, the researcher gained the data
through distributing questionnaires and conducting interview to some experts. Then the data were gained in the form of opinion, comments, and suggestions for
revision of the final product. In main product revision step, the revision of the product was based on the result of the preliminary field-testing. The revision
could be implemented more than once according to the evaluation result. The processes of the development phase will be discussed as follows.
a. Develop preliminary form of product
In this step, the researcher developed the materials content, exercise, and audios, flowchart, and storyboard, application using App Inventor, building the
application into .apk file format, and trying it out through a mobile phone. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
first is developing the materials. In this phase, the researcher developed the materials which included in the application. The researcher designed the content
of the materials from several guidebooks for senior high school grade XI. Then, the researcher also recorded several audio for listening section from the dialogues
taken from several books. After determining the necessary materials, the researcher developed the exercises. The exercises were in the forms of filling
blanks, multiple-choice, pronunciation practice, rearranging dialogues, role-play, and missing lyrics tasks.
The second is developing a Flowchart and a Storyboard. The theoretical
model of the Android application was developed by designing a flowchart and a storyboard. They could help the researcher to have clear concepts of the
application content and draw the connection among each component in the application. The flowchart was general construct of the application. It showed the
main parts of the application content. The users could access the application in their mobile phones by installing EEL.apk into their devices. The more detailed
presentation about storyboard and the flowchart can be seen in Appendix 3. The parts and the description of contents for each part are presented in the following
table. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 4.10. The Description of the Contents and parts of EEL Screen
Description
Home The screen contains the title of the application, welcome
note, the goal of the application, start button, help button, exit button
The start button will lead to the menu screen The help button will lead to about button description of
the application, resource button resource materials used in the application, and contact info button the contact
information of the developer
About The screen presents the description of the application
Resource This screen presents resource materials used in the
application Contact info
This screen is about the contact information of the developer
Menu The main menu contains 9 lessons
Lesson This screen presents a list of lesson 1-9 taken from the
syllabus for Senior High School Grade XI This screen in each lessons consists of three main parts of
the application, i.e. Let’s Start, Let’s Practice, Let’s Have Fun
Let’s Start This screen contai
ns the materials to build the users’ knowledge in pre activity
It provides audio listening, dialogues, and pronunciation practice task
In listening section, the transcription of the conversation is also provided.
Let’s Practice This screen contains the several exercises in the form of
filling blanks task while listening to audios and multiple choice tasks
After completing the exercises, the score will be given The goal of the tasks is to check the students’
understanding about particular topics Let’s Have Fun
This screen contains role play activities, andor interview tasks, andor missing lyrics tasks.
In this application, there are four primary buttons which appear on most screens, namely Next button, Back button, Home button, and Exit button. The
Next button will lead the users to go to the next screen. The Back button will lead the users to go back to the screen before. Then, the Home button enables the users
to go back to the home screen and menu screen, while the Exit button will enable the users to exit the application anytime.
The next phase is developing the application using App Inventor. After considering the materials in the application, the researcher then developed it into
application by using App Inventor. Taylor 2001 states App Inventor is a web- based application that allows everyone from ordinary phone owners to
experienced developers to create applications for Android. It is an android development program which is designed for people who have little experiences of
programming. The use of App Inventor is very useful and suitable for the researcher who belonged to a beginner developer. App Inventor can be accessed
from ai2.appinventor.mit.edu. There is also the online tutorial to develop android
application at mit2.companion.com.
In creating an Android application using App Inventor, the researcher needs to work with two components, namely Designer components and the Blocks
components. The Designer components consist of some elements that will be inserted in the application, such as button, label, picture, textbox, video, sound,
etc. While the Blocks components consists of some behaviors to those elements.
The last phase is building the application into .apk file format. After the
designed application and the blocks components were completed, and all materials had been put into the App Inventor, they were packaged into an .apk file format to
enable it to be tested through a mobile phone. To build the project into .apk file, the developers only need to click the build part and wait for the building process.
The built file will be automatically downloaded into the computer. Then, the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
developers just need to copy the downloaded .apk file from their computer to their mobile phone to test the application. After the .apk file was copied into a mobile
device, the developers need to install it.
There is another way to try out the application without building the application into .apk file format. It was by using Android application named MIT
AI2 Companion. It can be downloaded from the play store. It is easier to try out a project by using MIT Companion than using .apk file. After the developers build
the project in App Inventor, there will be a barcode and the developers just need to scan it. However, in the process of barcode scanning, error sometimes happens.
In developing the product, the researcher built the project by using building the .apk file. The consideration of the choice was the building .apk file
was less error than using barcode scanning. By building the .apk file, the file was automatically saved in computer. However, it took longer time than using barcode
and needed stable internet connection. To get the expected result, the researcher did revisions and tryouts many
times. The revisions were due to problems on design and blocks. The layout in the designer component might look well, but the result on the phone was sometimes
quite different. Therefore, the researcher took longer time to revise the layout. The other problems, sometimes there was an error in navigation or the score did not
turn up well. It might be caused by the blocks did not work well. Then the researcher needed to recheck the blocks and found out the mistakes and revised it.
The hardest part was to build the block structures for each activities and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
