Speech to Inform Speaking Class in Critical Listening and Speaking 1

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the research methodology. It presents the description of research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

The method used in this research was qualitative research. Qualitative data is a source of well-grounded, rich descriptions and explanations of processes in identifiable local contexts Miles Huberman, 1984. Qualitative strategies have suggested just how the expectations are translated into daily activities, procedures, and interactions Bogdan Biklen, 1982. The research design refers to the tradition in a case study. Case study research is a qualitative approach in which the researcher focuses on a bounded or multiply bounded system over a period of time, through detailed, in-depth data collection and reports a case description as well as case-based themes Creswell, 2007. Moreover, case study is a suitable format for investigating or exploring the studies of language learning McDonough McDonough, 1997. In addition, McDonough and McDonough 1997 mention that the study of cases plays a role in many diverse disciplines for example investigating or exploring the implementation of materials, Classrooms, teachers, students and educational 28 scope. This research investigated an activity in a Class which is the implementation of impromptu speech practice. Moreover, Cohen Manion 1989 state that a case study work comes under the heading of evaluation. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the implementation of impromptu speech practice. In gathering the data, the researcher used more than one source of data. Rosman and Rallis 1998 mention that qualitative research uses multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic. The researcher used triangulation strategy by using multiple source of data survey, interview, and observation in order to minimize researcher‟s bias Miles Huberman, 1984. Furthermore, in order to convey the idea that establishes a fact, researchers needed more than one source of information Bogdan Bicklen, 2003. Creswell 2007 also adds that the involvement of multiple sources of information is suggested in order to grab the complete illustration of the phenomenon being investigated and it is allowed the triangulation as an important aspect in the qualitative study. The strategies and instruments for data collection used by the researcher were survey distributing questionnaire, interview formal and informal, and observation as it is suggested by Cohen, Manion, and Morison 2011.

B. Research Setting

The researcher did the research in Critical Listening and Speaking 1 Class D at the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University