45 informal interview with three
students regarding the students‟ responses to the implementation of impromptu speech practice and
the students‟ suggestions for further implementation of impromptu speech practice.
B. Data Analysis
The data analysis consisted of three stages. The stages were data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawingverification. The following section is the
explanation of each part.
1. Data Reduction
The researcher obtained plenty of data so that the researcher had to record the results carefully. The amount of the data which had been collected were
complex. As proposed by Miles and Hubberman 1984, the activity in qualitative data analysis performed interactively and ran continuously until complete, so that
the data were already saturated. Therefore, the researcher conducted a data reduction by reading the data as many as possible.
After reading the data, the researcher finally found the results that had been obtained. The researchers tried to summarize and choose the subject matter of the
research data. Before writing the data in a narrative description, the researchers generated several themes containing the results of the data which had been
obtained. Then, the researcher focused on the important things to make the theme of the research. However, before the researcher generated the themes, the
researcher made categorization through coding. The following section is the coding category which had been chosen by the researcher.
46
a. Coding Category
Codes in this study utilized the form of tags or labels used for assigning units of meaning which were generated based on the interview scripts compiled
during the study Miles Huberman, 1994. The researcher used the variation of codes from the types of code family revealed by Bogdan and Biklen 2003. The
researcher used this type of code family because it consists of specific topics that are relevant for reviewing the questionnaire and interview data. As it is stated at
the third chapter, there are eleven codes family suggested by Bogdan and Bicklen 2003. However, the researcher chose three out of eleven codes family in
reducting the data. The three codes family are presented as follows.
Table 4.1: Code Family Coding Data Developed From Bogdan and Biklen 2003
Code Family Descriptions
Activity Codes Codes that are directed at regularly occurring kinds
of behavior. Perspectives held by
Subjects Codes oriented toward ways of thinking all or some
subjects share that are not as general as their overall definition of the situation but indicate orientations
toward particular aspects of a setting.
Subjects‟ ways of thinking about People
and Objects Th
e subjects‟ understanding of each other, of outsiders, and of the objects that make up their
world.
The researcher read the transcripts several times in order to get the ideas for a coding scheme Bogdan Biklen, 2003. The researcher decided that three code
categories were relevant for the coding scheme. The researcher used coding scheme to organize the data. This means that the other categories did not
frequently appear in the observation data, questionnaire data, and interview transcript.
