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fulfill the speaker‟s desire. It means that the speaker can show hisher respect towards the hearer‟s negative face.
b. Sociological Variables
The second factor that may influence the choice of the strategies is sociological variables. According to Brown and Levinson 1987, sociological
variables include three factors namely social distance, relative power, and ranking of imposition. Those factors of sociological variables are used for measuring the
seriousness of the FTA. Thus, the factors will affect the choice of the politeness strategies that will be applied for the communication. The factors which are
included in the sociological variables will be elaborated in the following sections.
1 Social Distance
According to Brown and Levinson 1987 the measurement of social distance is based on the frequency of interaction and the kinds of material or non-
material goods exchange between the speaker and the hearer. In this factor, the social attributes such as age, sex, and the social background may affect the choice
of the strategies. Holmes 2001 states that people tend to perform different speech style when they are talking to adult and children. In other words, the same
message of a communication will be delivered through different language depends on the hearer‟s age. Holmes 2001 adds that social background of the hearer also
affects the speaker‟s speaking style. The speaker will consider the proper language style that will be applied for the hearer based on the hearer‟s social
background. Therefore, the different age and social background of the hearer will be considered by the speaker in applying the language.
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2 Relative Power
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, “Relative power is the degree
to which the hearer can impose his own plans and hisher own self-evaluation or face at the expense of the speaker‟s plans and self-evaluation” p. 77. In other
words, the hearer has power to impose hisher own desire over the speaker‟s
desire. It means that the speaker will employ more polite language if the hearer has high power for hisher desire to be fulfilled. However, the speaker can also
employ the less polite language if the hearer does not have high power to impose his own des
ire over the speaker‟s desire.
3 Ranking of Imposition
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, “The ranking of imposition is
the degree to which they are considered to interfere with an agent‟s wants of self- determination or of approval, his negative- and positive-face wants
” p. 77. In other words, the interference is the FTA made by the speaker which can determine
the degree of imposition. Brown and Levinson 1987 state that for the negative face, there are two possible scales that can identify the rank of imposition, namely
the imposition in proportion of services and of goods. Meanwhile, for the positive face, the rank of imposition involves the measurement of the threat given to the
hearer‟s face. This can be done by looking at the differences between the hearer‟s own desire and what is presented through the FTA.
5. Review of Begin Again
Begin Again is a movie which was directed and written by John Carney.
This movie was released on 2013 staring Mark Ruffalo, Keira Knightely, James PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
