31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter will be divided into six parts. The first part is about the research method which describes the methods used in this study. The second part
is about the research setting which describes when the study was conducted. The third part is about the research participants which elaborates the participants who
were involved in this study. The fourth part is about the instruments and data gathering technique which describe about the instruments and the techniques in
gathering the data. The fifth part is about the data analysis technique which explains about the technique employed in this study to analyze the data. Then, the
sixth part is about the research procedures which elaborates the steps in conducting this study.
A. Research Method
This study focused on the politeness strategies of Begin Again movie. There are two research questions which are attempted to be answered by the
writer. The research questions of this study are, first, which types of politeness strategies used by the four main characters in Begin Again movie? and second,
what are the factors that influence the four characters in choosing the strategy for communication? The research was done through analyzing the utterances of the
four main characters in Begin Again movie. The utterances which were analyzed depicted the use of politeness strategies in daily conversation. Therefore, this
32 study analyzed the social phenomenon of the politeness strategies implication in
each utterance which is expressed by the four main characters. Since this study is focused on how people apply the language for the
communication, the writer aimed to do qualitative research to analyze the phenomenon. Qualitative research focuses on the total picture of a phenomenon
rather than the variables of the phenomenon Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh, 2002. This means that the qualitative researchers do not use some variables, such as
numeric data, in analyzing a phenomenon. In qualitative research, the researchers analyze the data in the form of detail explanation rather than in the form of
numeric data. The goal of a qualitative research is a holistic picture and depth of understanding, rather than a numeric analysis of data Ary et al, 2002. In other
words, qualitative researchers will be dealing more with words rather than number of data. Thus, the qualitative researchers will focus more on the depth explanation
about the phenomenon that is being analyzed. In this study, the writer analyzed the characters‟ utterances in Begin Again
movie. Since this study aimed to analyze the characters‟ utterances in a movie,
this study belonged to document analysis or content analysis. Document analysis or content analysis is a technique that enables researchers to study human
behavior in an indirect way, through an analysis of their communication Fraenkel, Wallen, Hyun, 2011. The communication that can be analyzed to
observe human behavior can be in the form of textbooks, essays, newspapers, novels, magazine articles, cookbooks, songs, political speeches, advertisement,
pictures, newspaper, editorials, graffiti, musical compositions, magazine articles, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
33 films, or electronic media Fraenkel et al, 2011. This means that the document
which is used as the subject to be analyzed can be in a form of written, audio, or visual documents. According to Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh 2002, document
analysis focuses on analyzing and interpreting recorded material within its own context. Therefore, the writer took the recorded material or the script of Begin
Again movie to be analyzed in order to answer the two research questions of this
study.
B. Research Setting
This study was done by using a movie entitled Begin Again which was directed by John Carney and was released in July 4
th
2014. The analysis of the movie was started from March 21
st
2016 until June 20
th
, 2016. Therefore, the writer spent three months in analyzing the script of the movie. Those three months
were used for analyzing the script, categorizing the characters‟ utterances, identifying the factors which influence the choice of the politeness strategies, and
writing up the report.
C. Research Subjects
The subject of this study was the movie entitled Begin Again. The writer only took four main characters in which their utterances were taken to be
analyzed. The four main characters were Gretta James, Dan Mulligan, Dave Kohl, and Steve. The first character was Gretta James, a songwriter and a singer who
34 produces an album after she breaks up with her boyfriend. The second character
was Dan Mulligan, a producer who gets some complicated problems in his job and family and who finally can get rid of all problems he had. The third character
was Dave Kohl, Gretta‟s boyfriend who becomes a famous singer after he gets
contract with one of the famous record label in New York. The last character was Steve, a friend of Gretta who helps Gretta and Dan in creating the tools to produce
the album. Gretta and Dan were chosen because they had important roles in the movie. Dave and Steve were chosen because of the relationship they had with
Gretta and Dan.
D. Instrument and Data Gathering Technique
Since this study was document analysis and it belonged to qualitative research, the human investigator is the primary instrument for gathering and
analyzing of the data Ary et al, 2002. It is also stated that qualitative inquiry relies on fieldwork methods
– interviewing, non – structured observation, and document analysis
– as the principal means of collecting data, avoiding the use of paper
– and pencil tests, mechanical instruments, and highly structured observational protocols Ary et al, 2002. In addition, qualitative researchers
believe a researcher‟s worldview, or theoretical framework greatly influences how research studies are designed and their results interpreted Fraenkel, Wallen,
Hyun, 2011. Therefore, the researcher of this study was considered as the human instrument and Begin Again movie was considered as the subject instrument
which was going to be analyzed. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
35 In line with the method of this study which was document analysis, the
technique in obtaining the data would be the observation. Observation is the most basic method for obtaining data in qualitative research, it is more global type of
observation than the systematic observation in quantitative research Ary et al, 2002. The data gathered from the observation would be more in a form of words
rather than numeric data. In this study, the writer also made a table which was used for observing and classifying the utterances of the characters as well as the
main theory used in this study. Table 3.1 was used to collect and classify the characters‟ utterances which happened in Begin Again movie.
Table 3.1: The Classification of Politeness Strategies in Begin Again Movie
Characters Politeness Strategies
Bald on Record
Off Record Positive
Politeness Negative
Politeness Gretta
Dan Mulligan Dave Kohl
Steve
E. Data Analysis Technique
Miles and Huberman 1994 qualitative research includes three activities namely, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Each step will be
elaborated in the following section. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
