9 persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the
reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say–the dialogue-and by what they do-the action” p.
23. Stanton 1965 says that character assigns the individuals who appear in the story. It refers to “the mixture of interest, desires, emotions, and moral principles
that make up each of the individuals” p. 17-18.
b. Kinds of Character
Forster divides character into flat character and round character. Flat character “is built around “a single idea or quality” and is presented without much
individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or character” as cited in Abrams, 1981, p. 24. Forster adds that flat
characters are “characters who are compelled by a set idea in their creater” as cited in Henkle, 1977, p.91.
The second character is round character. Foster state that “a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represent with subtle
particularity; such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life and like real person, is capable of surprising us”
as cited in Abrams, 1981, p. 24. Henkle 1997 adds that since it is more complex, it embodies the variations and complexities of human nature p. 91
3. Characterization
a. Definition of Characterization
Blair and Gerber 1984 state that characterization deals with the technique used by the writer to show what the characters are. It includes the
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10 characters’ qualities, likes and dislikes, how the characters live, and what the
characters do para. 52. Henkle 1977 adds that characterization enables the reader to understand and to experience people. Furthermore, characterization
functions in transmitting the book’s meaning and social texture. Besides, characterization enables the authors to discuss their human qualities and guides
the reader to understand the human themes of the novel para. 86-87.
b. Methods of Characterization.
Murphy 1972 states nine ways how author expresses character’s personality. First is personal description. It deals with character’s physical
appearance. Second is character as seen by another. The author describes a certain character through other character’s opinion. Third is speech. The author gives
clues of a character to the reader from what a character says. Whenever a character is in a conversation with others or puts an opinion heshe is giving clue
to hisher character. Fourth is past life. The readers can understand a character from the character’s past life. The character’s past life can be seen from directly
author’s description, the character’s thought the character’s conversation and the medium of another person. Fifth is conversation of others. In this way, the readers
understand a person’s character through the conversation of others and the things they say about himher. Sixth is reactions. The author gives clues to the readers
about a character through a character’s reaction to various situations and events. Seventh is direct comment. The author describes a person’s character directly in
the novel. Eighth is thoughts. The author gives clues by giving direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. Ninth is mannerism. The readers understand a
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11 person’s character from author’s description on a person’s mannerism, habits or
idiosyncrasies para. 161-173.
4. Motivation
