The Translation of Equivalence

3. Colloquial

Colloquialism is therefore taken to be a sectional distinctiveness of speech. In this way the word has come to be associated with a certain kind of reproach. Mostly people avoid using words that are described in the dictionary as colloquial. But colloquial words do not have much to do with sectional distinctions and can be used under some specific situations. “The word colloquialism merely used to describe words that are not very often used in formal writing and are more used in every speech. ” 18 Here it is an example of a colloquial sentence and its formal counterpart: Colloquial : You should not cook up stories. Formal : you should not tell lies. Colloquial also referred to as the everyday language. A typical characteristic of this language is reduced usage of linguistic features contained in the sentence. Reductions of the linguistic features of language communication are meant to be more concise and practical, familiar and create an atmosphere that is not rigid informal formal, as an example: o Wanna a reduced form of Want to. It means want Ingin. o Gonna is the reduced form of Going to. It means will Akan. o Gotcha is the reduced form of Got You. It has various meaning which depend upon the context.

F. The Translation of Equivalence

The meaning equivalence is a core part of the theory translation Barnstone, 1993, and the practice of translation as the realization of the translation process always involves searching for equivalence of meaning. Searching for equivalence 18 Ibid,. p.3. itself will lead translator to the concept of translatability and untranslatability. As implied by its name, the concept translatability in general does not cause problems for translators so long as he has a good knowledge of the elements that form the text of the source language and target language and Socio-Cultural Studies of both languages. “Conversely, the concept untranslatability will automatically lead to a dilemmatic situation for translator; he attempts to search an equivalence that he does not find in the target language. ” 19 Besides that, In the process of translation translator is just a communicator who bridges the flow of information from authors and readers should be able to eliminate such interference or subjectivity. For that every interpreter should have some guidelines in an equivalence and alteration Machali, 2000: 104. According to Newmark offers “general translating strategies is cultural equivalent. It is used to replace the cultural concept of source language by the cultural concept of receptor language; at least the concept could be similar to the one in source language. ” 20 Unlike the Newmark, Eugene Nida divided two types of equivalence: formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence in Bassnett-McGuire, 1981. Formal Equivalence is basically recreated from the process orientated in the source language structure and arrowed to come across as wide as possible the form and the meaning of the original message. Therefore, in the process of translating all the efforts aimed to reproduce the formal elements include 1 grammatical units 19 Drs. M. Rudolf Nababan, M.Ed, Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris, Pustaka Pelajar Offset, 1999 2003, p.93. 20 Widyamartaya, A, Seni Menerjemahkan, Yogyakarta: Karnisius, 1994, p.12. 2 the meaning that fits the context of the source text. Contrary to formal equivalence, dynamic equivalence is „the principle of equivalent effect’, where the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message.” 21 This natural Thesaurus contains terms in accordance with 1 language and culture of the target, 2 the context of a particular message, and 3 the target language audience. Unlike the Nida and Taber, Baker1992, distinguish five types of matching, namely: the equivalence at the level of words, matching the top level of words, textual equivalence, grammatical equivalence, and pragmatic equivalence. Baker distinguishes between: a. Equivalence that can appear at word level and above word level, when translating from one language into another. Baker acknowledges that, in a bottom-up approach to translation, equivalence at word level is the first element to be taken into consideration by the translator. In fact, when the translator starts to analyzing the ST shehe looks at the words as single units and order to find a direct „equivalent’ term in the TL. Baker gives a definition of the term word since it should be remembered that a single word can sometimes be assigned different meanings in different languages and might be regarded as being a more complex unit or morpheme. This means that the translator should pay attention to a number of factors when considering a single word, such as number, gender and tense. 21 Eugene Nida in Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 42. b. Grammatical equivalence, when referring to the diversity of grammatical categories across languages. Baker notes that grammatical rules may vary across languages and this may pose some problems in terms of finding a direct correspondence in the TL. In facts, she claims that different grammatical structures in the SL and TL may cause remarkable changes in the way the information or message is carried across. These changes may induce the translator either to add or to omit information in the TT because of the lack of particular grammatical devices in the TL itself. Amongst these grammatical devices which might cause problems in translation Baker on number, tense and aspects, voice, person and gender. c. Pragmatic equivalence, when referring to implicatures and strategies of avoidance during the translation process. Implicature is not about what is explicitly said but what is implied. Therefore, the translator needs to work out implied meanings in translation in order to get the ST message across. The role of the translator is to recreate the author’s intention in another culture in such a way that enables the TC reader to understand it clearly. 22 22 Mona Baker, In other Words: a Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge, 1992, p.11- 12. 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data Description

In this data description, the writer wants to discuss the slang language that is used in the Wild Child movie by Nick Moore, which was published on 14 August 2008 Netherlands. Here, the writer tries to tabulate the collected data through the following table: a. The slang language used in the movie. b. The meaning in the Standard English. c. The meaning of words. d. The translation of English Slang language into Indonesian language. e. The varieties of slang. In this chapter, the research focuses on slang language used by actresses and actors who played in Wild Child movie. Below are the illustrations of the slang language in the movie. The writer tries to analyze them one by one into the Standard English. After that, the writer identifies the meaning of slang language found in the movie. The writer analyzes the meaning equivalence between slang language and the translation in Indonesian. And then, the writer limits herself in discussing three varieties of slang; they are jargon, argot and colloquial. The tabulated data are described as follows: