Data Analysis Technique RESEARCH METHOD

2. Outcome validity, which is related to notion of actions leading to outcomes that are “successful” within the research context. In this research, the processes were related to the improvement of students’ speaking skills through the use of video. 3. Process validity, which raises questions about process of conducting the research. In this research, the process was done in two cycles and each cycle consisted of planning, actions, and observation and reflection steps. The process involved some different data sources and followed by some evidences that show the believable process. 4. Catalytic validity, which is related to the extent to which the researcher allows participants to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make changes in the teachers’ and learner’ understanding of their role and the actions taken as a result of these changes, or by monitoring other participant’ perceptions of problems in the research setting. 5. Dialogue validity, which parallels the process collaborative enquiry or reflective dialogue with “critical friends” or other practitioners. The researcher collaborated with the teacher to observe the research process. To obtain the trustworthiness, Burns 2010: 97 suggest three-triangulation techniques: 1. Time triangulation, the data are collected at one point in time or over a period of time to get sense of what are involved in the processes of the changes. This research was done in two months. 2. Investigator triangulation, more than one observer is involved in the same research setting to avoid researcher being biased and to provide checks on the reliability of the observations. In this research, the researcher worked with the English teacher as the collaborator. 3. Theoretical triangulation, the data are analyzed from more than one perspectives. The researcher analyzed the data based on more one theoretical review in interpreting the data. To get trustworthiness the researcher will use the triangulation techniques in which the researcher will gather from several points of view from students, the English teacher. The reliability of the data will be gained by giving genuine data, such as the field notes, interviewing transcripts and documentations.

I. Indicator of Success

The indicator of the success of this research will be based on oral proficiency scoring categories proposed by Brown 2001: 173. The research is considered as successful if the students make a significant improvement on their grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, pronunciation and task. For the clearer image, you can see the table below: