Research Design RESEARCH METHOD

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research method of the study. First of all, I describe the research design to give an overview of how the study was conducted. Then, I describe the unit of analysis by which each step of analysis was bound. Described next are the setting and procedures of data collection, followed by triangulation. Finally I describe the procedures for data analysis

3.1 Research Design

The study was socio-pragmatically designed with the aim of investigating the interpersonal meanings of the Javanese language used by Pranatacara in a wedding reception. It is therefore descriptive, qualitative and interpretative in nature. It documented the phenomena of interest, and then it describes the observed phenomena in the form of words rather than numbers. The significant behaviours, i.e. especially the interpersonal language metafunction of the Pranatacara on duty, with regards to his spoken discourse were identified and analyzed. The study employs the design of observational case study. It focuses on one case, namely the interpersonal meanings of the oral performance of the Pranatacara in a wedding reception. The site selected was one of the wedding events in which the subject was on duty. Observation was the primary way to collect the data. It was therefore a passive 120 participant observation in which I, as the researcher was present at the scene of action but did not participate or interact with anyone to any extent. The study was conducted in three stages: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory stages. In the exploratory stage, some phenomena were observed in order to develop some guides for procedures to be employed in the descriptive stage. At this stage, oral performance of the Pranataraca was observed and videotaped as it actually occurred in the natural setting. Next, the data were transcribed using Suharno’s phonetic representation 1982 and sorted out and the relevant data were organized into some patterns for further description and analysis. At the descriptive stage, descriptions of the stages of Pranatacara genre found in the exploratory stage were developed. With these descriptions, some generalization of the stages available in the wedding reception was formulated on the basis of which a further analysis was conducted, namely the explanatory stage. In this stage, some principles which underlay the Pranatacara genre in terms of interpersonal language meta-function were identified and described. The Pranatacara’ recorded monologue was analyzed qualitatively on the basis of genre analysis approach offered by Eggins 1994 and Eggins and Slade 1997. The model of the analysis basically suggests that genre analysis consists of two parts, namely 1 identifying the stages of the generic structure of the text and analyzing the linguistic features employed in each stage. It is argued that although identifying the schematic structure of a genre is a major part of generic analysis, it cannot be accurately performed without analyzing the realization of each element of the generic structure. The realization refers to the way meanings get encoded or expressed in a semiotic system. 121 The detailed procedures of data collection and analysis would be described in 3.7 and 3.8 respectively.

3.2 Unit of Analysis