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analysis. Javanese texts quoted from other resources throughout the study maintained to adopt the Javanese spelling system as used by the resources.
For ease of comprehension, English translation and or transliteration was also provided for non-Javanese readers. At this stage, the data were ready for
analysis.
4 Data Verification
Upon completion of the transcription process, the data were shown to the subject to convince that the data were correct. In addition, informal and yet
in-depth interview was also conducted to supplement the existing data.
3.8 Corpus Enhancement Triangulation
The corpus data is enhanced by means of cross-reference against several scholars academicians of the subject-matter apart from textbooks on pranatacara’s guide,
consisting of both Surakarta and Yogyakarata styles of pranatacara.. The data need to be compared with scholars’ comments in the form of in-depth interviews and the text-
books in order to know the possible variations and enrich the existing data. In other words, it is to respond to the justification of data validity. Thus, it is a kind of
triangulation in the data collection by means of different sources of data. A triangulation of methods is also made by means of comparing the method used
in the study with other methods used in similar studies, such as Kadarisman 1999, and Zaid 1999 in which similarities were found in the data collection procedures which
include interviews, recording events, field-note taking, and data display in the form of transcription. Their methods of course differ from the study in terms of subjects,
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objects, and data analysis due to the different research questions that each of the studies tries to answer.
3.9 Procedures for Data Analysis
The APPRAISAL framework was used to analyze the interpersonal meanings by means of which the communicative purposes, which could be 1 directing, 2
commenting, 3 evaluating or 4 simply describing can be identified. At this stage of analysis, the use of figures of speech, such as metaphors,
hyperbole, personification was analyzed and described in order to come up with a clear picture of how the language of pranatacara was engineered to meet with the generic
structure and requirements. Text fragments from the data were used throughout the analysis with reference to the complete data presented in the Appendix.
Meanwhile, the genre framework was used to analyze the generic structure of pranatacara texts, specifying the obligatory and non-obligatory stages so as to be able to
formulate the generic structure of the text. The genre analysis was also validated by cross- reference in case of the possible variation from different sources. This was aimed at
deciding whether the variation is of personal characteristic or within the specific rule of pranatacara genre.
The context of situation which attributed to the register, and the context of culture which attributed to the genre were described on the basis of the situations obtained
through videotaping. Finally the linguistic features were analyzed by means of the Javanese grammar
in support of the genre theory. The analysis of the linguistic features includes the following issues:
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1 At Phonological Level Since the Javanese language of pranatacara is significantly different from
the everyday use of Javanese, I also analyzed the data with respect to the sound patterns. However, the data were only described in terms of word
stress and intonation as the two were considered to contribute significantly in terms of interpersonal meanings. For this, a ‘visible speech’ program was
used to identify the suprasegmental phonemes. With this program, the intonation that was used by a Pranatacara could be visualized in such a way
that it will justify that it is different from the intonation of Javanese used in daily communication.
First of all, the corpus data were segmented to find out which parts that would be worth analyzing. This was done by means of Cool Edit Pro 2.0 to
segment data. the parts that would be made visible in terms of intonation. In order to do that the segmented data in VCD were converted into MP3 by
means of ‘VCD Cutter 4.0 software. With this, the waves of speech were clearly displayed. Finally, to get the waves printed out, the Mp3 data mode
was converted into Words. The results of the spectrograph of the segmented data is available in
Appendix 2, while the analysis, due to technical constraints, the pitch level is represented by means of spectrograph diagram. The following is the interval
between pitches: a. Pitch Level PL 6 = 25.001 – 30.000
b. Pitch Level PL 5 = 20.001 – 25.000 c. Pitch Level PL 4 = 15.001 – 20.000
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d. Pitch Level PL 3 = 10.001 – 15.000 e. Pitch Level PL 2 = 5.001 – 10.000
f. Pitch Level PL 1 = 0 - 5.000
2 At Morphological Level At this level, I analyzed the data in terms of morphological processes. Firstly,
the analysis dealt with the internal structure prefix, infix, suffix, etc to represent the process of word formation. Secondly, the semantic features of
the morphological units were also described and presented to deal with the meanings.
3 At Syntactic Level At this level, the phrases were described by means of Halliday’s theoretical
framework of nominal group, verbal group and adjectival group 1994. The clauses were in terms of simple, complex and compound complex types of
clauses Sudaryanto 1992; Suharno 1982
3.10 On Transliteration
