Research Type Form, Context and Source of Data

D. Techniques of Data Collection

The data of this research were collected using a note-taking technique from the utterances of the two main characters in The Back-up Plan movie. According to Sudaryanto 1993: 133-135, this is a technique for providing data through reading carefully and note taking. The researcher took some steps during the data collection: watching the movie, finding its transcript, making the data sheet, and categorizing the raw data into the sheet. The first step was watching The Back-up Plan movie to understand its plot and story. After the researcher understood the content of the movie, it was then re- watched to find the utterances containing illocutionary act performed by the two main characters. After that, the researcher searched for the script of the movie from the internet and checked the accuracy of the script with the dialogues in the movie. The script was accessed from the internet http:www.imsdb.comscriptsBack-up-Plan,- The.html. Next, the researcher took notes of the main characters’ utterances which were in accordance with the objectives of the study. Categorizing the raw data into the data sheet was the final step of the data collecting techniques.

E. Techniques of Data Analysis

Bogdan and Biklen 1982: 145 state that qualitative data analysis deals with working with data, organizing it, breaking it into manageable units, synthesizing it, searching for patterns, discovering what is important and what is to be learned, and deciding what the researcher will explain. The researcher applied referential methods in which the data were analyzed based on the explored theory. The process of the data analysis was started by reducing the raw data by sorting out the irrelevant data. Next, the researcher classified the data into the data sheet based on the classification of the two objectives of the study. After that, the data were analyzed according to the applied theories. To gain trustworthiness, the data were then triangulated by three students of English Language and Literature study program. The final step of data analyzing process was drawing the conclusion based on the result of the research in order to answer the formulation of the problem.

F. Trustworthiness of the Data

This research conducted trustworthiness to establish the reliability, truthfulness of the data, credibility, and the consistency of the data. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 179, the reliability of data can be gained by conducting triangulation. If the research is reliable, it can be said as a valuable research. Furthermore, the credibility of the data was achieved by performing the data in deep and detail observation so that the data could be said credible. In applying this credibility, the data were reread carefully and comprehensively in accordance with the researcher’s questions until she got the correct analysis. The validity of the data was provided by crosschecking different data sources. Therefore, in this research, the data validity of the research was done by repeating observation of the data, comparing the obtained data with the other references and doing the data triangulation with friends. For triangulation, the researcher asked three