Figure 1. Analytical Construct
29
D. Analytical Construct
Language Main Characters’ Utterance
Context
Speech Act The Back-up Plan
Speaker’s meaning
Pragmatics
Expressive Types Searle, 1969
Perlocutionary Act Locutionary Act
Illocutionary Act
Conflictive apologizing
Representative Commissive
Directive Declarative
Functions Leech, 1983
Convivial Collaborative
Competitive
greeting thanking
etc. endorsing
approving declaring
etc. etc.
advising requesting
questioning
etc. etc.
refusing offering
promising
reporting asserting
informing
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
A. Research Type
This research was conducted by using qualitative approach. Qualitative method was used to describe the phenomenon in its context by interpreting the data. This
method dealt with the possibilities to solve the problem by collecting, classifying, analyzing, and interpreting data.
According to Bogdan and Taylor 1975: 4, the examples of descriptive data are human being’s written or spoken words and their observable behaviors. The use of
qualitative approach was aimed to describe the types and the functions of illocutionary act performed by the main characters in The Back-up Plan movie.
Vanderstoep and Johnson 2008: 167 state that qualitative research is more descriptive than predictive. Therefore, the qualitative method applied in this study
aimed to present the research in the form of words description instead of numbers and statistics.
For this reason, this research aimed to describe the types and the functions of illocutionary act employed by the main characters in The Back-up Plan movie.
B. Form, Context and Source of Data
The data of this study were taken in the form of spoken but written utterances by the two main characters in the movie while the contexts were dialogues. The source
of this study was a movie entitled The Back-up Plan. This movie was chosen as the object of the study since the conversations of the two main characters which mainly
discuss how they overcome the problems in their relationship employ various types of illocutionary act. Furthermore, the conversations of the two main characters represent
people’s daily conversation. Therefore, this movie was selected as the object of this research.
C. Research Instrument
The primary instrument of this research was the researcher herself since the study employed a descriptive qualitative research. Moleong 2001:121 states that in
qualitative method, the researcher plays as the designer, the collector, the analyst, the interpreter, and the reporter of the data finding. The researcher designed the research
including observation, analysis, and interpreting the data. Regarding the important role of the researcher, her knowledge and experience deeply influenced the accuracy
of the data analysis. Furthermore, the secondary instrument of this research was the data sheet which was used to collect the data of illocutionary act from the sources.
The table below illustrates the form of the data sheet which was used to collect the data.
Table 1: Data Sheet of Types and Functions of Illocutionary Act Employed by the Main Characters in Alan Poul’s
The Back-up Plan Movie
Code Dialogue
Context D
a tum
Types Functions
Illocutionary Force
De Re
Di Ex
Co CP
CV CB
CF
IA S
-1 P
8D 1
[INT. TAXI – MOMENTS LATER]
Zoe notices someone entering the cab from
the other side. ZOE: Uh… Excuse
P: Zoe and Stan
S: Inside a cab T: Zoe and
Stan are arguing over a
1a V
V asserting
1b V
V questioning
1c V
V asserting
me, this is my cab.1a STAN: You own it?
1b ZOE: No, but I’m
about to rent it. 1c taxi.
Note of abbreviations: IA
: Illocutionary act S-1
: Scene 1 P8
: Page 8 D1
: Data number 1 P
: Participant S
: Setting T
: Topic 1a
: Datum 1a 1b
: Datum 1b 1c
: Datum 1c De
: Declarative Re
: Representative Di
: Directive Ex
: Expressive Co
: Commissive CP
: Competitive CV
: Convivial CB
: Collaborative CF
: Conflictive
In addition, to make the data easier to be found in the data source, the researcher also used data codes. The figure of the data codes is presented below.
Figure 2: The data codes Code IAS-20P8D-1aReCB
IA : Illocutionary act
S-1 : Scene 1
D-1a : Datum 1a P8
: Page 8 Re
: Representative CB
: Collaborative
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