h. Stating annoyance
1 4
Commissive a.
Promising 9
b. Offering
2 c.
Guaranteeing 1
5 Declarative
Total 277
Based on Table 3, representative illocutionary act has the most various kinds of force found in the movie followed by expressive illocutionary act. Meanwhile,
directive act has 5 kinds of illocutionary force and commissive act has only 3 kinds of illocutionary force. Declarative force is not found performed by the main characters
in the movie.
2. The Functions of Illocutionary Act Performed by the Main Characters in
Alan Poul’s The Back-up Plan Movie
Each illocutionary act found The Back-up Plan movie is performed with functions. According to Leech’s theory, there are four kinds of social functions of
illocutionary act: competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive. The findings of the functions of illocutionary act by the main characters in The Back-up Plan
movie are provided in the Table 4.
Table 4: The Functions of Illocutionary Act Performed by the Main Characters in Alan Poul’s
The Back-up Plan Movie
No Functions of Illocutionary Act
Occurrences
1 Collaborative
158
2 Competitive
84 3
Convivial 35
4 Conflictive
Total
277
Based on Table 4, three social functions of illocutionary act are employed by the main characters in the movie. They are competitive, collaborative, and convivial. The
dominant function of illocutionary act found in the movie is collaborative with 158 occurrences, followed by competitive with 84 occurrences. The function with the
smallest occurrences is convivial with only 35 occurrences. Conflictive function is not performed by the main characters in the movie.
Since collaborative function is intended to ignore social goal, it is dominantly performed by the main characters. They choose to perform illocutionary act with
collaborative function to tell the truth of their feelings to each other. However, conflictive function is not found performed by the main characters since it is intended
to offend or hurt the feeling of the hearer. The main characters are a couple who are in love and they want to give good impression to each other. Therefore, they do not
employ conflictive function in their utterance as it can create conflict in their relationship.
B. Discussion
This section presents the discussion of the study based on the research findings in the previous section and the formulation of the problem stated in Chapter I. This
section identifies the types and the functions of illocutionary act employed by the main characters in The Back-up Plan movie.
1. The Types of Illocutionary Act Performed by the Main Characters in Alan
Poul’s The Back-up Plan Movie
This part contains the explanations of the data findings in reference to data analysis. There are four types of illocutionary act found in the research. Each of them
contains several particular forces. All are discussed as follows.
a. Declarative
Declarative act is not found in this research. This type of illocutionary act requires certain institutional role in a specific context. Furthermore, declarative act
has specific uses in very specific place and events settings, e.g. a judge in a court when sentencing a defendant, a priest when declaring a couple as husband and wife,
and a director of a company when firing his employer. Moreover, declarative acts use specific illocutionary force indicative device, e.g. ‘I declare that…’, ‘I pronounce
that…’ In the movie, the two characters are depicted as commoners with no certain
authority or institutional role. Zoe is a woman who works at a pet shop while Stan is a man who makes cheese. In such setting, this type of illocutionary act is rarely found.
Therefore, there is no any declarative act found performed by the main characters in this movie.
b. Representative
Representative act is the type of speech act that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not. They express the speaker’s belief. Based on the analysis, there are
158 occurrences of representative act found in the movie. The forces of representative illocutionary act found in the findings are informing,
asserting, explaining, arguing, predicting, guessing, reminding, reporting, agreeing, and stating an opinion. Each force of representative act is presented below.
1 Informing
Informing is an act to tell someone about a particular fact or more. It can be in the form of spoken or written information. The first evidence of informing acts
performed by the main character in the movie can be seen in the conversation below.
The above dialogue occurred when Stan was following Zoe walking out from the subway station. Stan asked Zoe the reason of her good mood even though previously
they had an argument. Zoe answered Stan’s question by informing him that there were good things happening to her. With regard to this context, since Zoe’s utterance
is a statement which contains explanatory information about the reason of her good 4: 01
Stan : So, why are you in such a good mood anyway?
Zoe : Not that it’s any of your business, but… good things are happening to me.
Stan : That’s nice. I hope it continues.
P: Zoe and Stan S: Inside the subway station, day
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