4.3 Shifts from Phrase Unit in English to the Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
In the level of phrase, the unit shifts may occur to the lower unit, that is word unit, and also to the higher unit such as clause and sentence unit.
1.Phrase unit in ST to word unit in TT
1. ST WDTAE. 19 : Bobby got up and stamped his feet moodily. TT PDK.15 : Bobby berdiri dan mengentakkan kaki.
2. ST WDTAE. 29 : They looked at each other sympathetically. TT PDK.24 : Mereka berpandangan, saling mengerti.
3. ST WDTAE. 59 : …as Bobby teed up his ball. TT PDK.50 : …ketika Bobby memukul bolanya.
4. ST WDTAE. 69 : It’s not so easy to get hold of morphia. TT PDK.59 : Tidak mudah memperoleh morfin.
5. ST WDTAE. 79 : The probability was that I should say at once… TT PDK.68 : Kemungkinannya adalah bahw aku akan berkata…
6. ST WDTAE.109 : Bobby and Frankie stood looking after him. TT PDK.94 : Bobby dan Frankie berdiri memperhatikan dia.
Bahasa Indonesia has words that can describe represent the above English verb phrases VP, so that the VP got up is translated with the verb
berdiri, the VP looked at each other is shifted to the word level becomes the verb berpandangan, the VP teed up is translated with the verb memukul, the VP to get
hold of is translated with the verb memperoleh, the VP say at once is translated with the word berkata, and the VP looking after has the equivalence of the verb
memperhatikan in bahasa Indonesia.
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It will surely funny in bahasa Indonesia if the above English verb phrases are translated literally, moreover it can change the meaning of the original
sentences.
7. ST WDTAE. 19 : Surely he might have been back by this time. TT PDK.15 : Seharusnya dia sudah kembali sekarang.
8. STWDTAE. 29 : On the other hand, extra men were always wanted for tennis.
TT PDK.23 : Tapi keluarga kaya itu memerlukan kawan laki-laki. 9. ST WDTAE. 209 : …in the middle of the second act.
TT PDK.182 : …dalam babak kedua sebuah drama. The ST above contain prepositional phrase PP. The English PP by this
time is translated with the noun sekarang, the PP on the other hand is translated with the conjunction tapi, and the PP in the middle of has the equivalence of the
preposition dalam. These unit shifts are done because the translators try to translate the
English PP as natural and communicative as possible. The PP above cannot be translated literally since it can change the meaning of the original sentence and the
translations sound awkward.
2. Phrase unit in ST to the clause unit in TT
10. ST WDTAE. 29 : …not to create a painful impression. TT PDK.24 : …tidak menunjukkan bahwa keadaannya tak terlalu
menggembirakan.
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The English NP painful impression is shifted to the noun clause in bahasa Indonesia to bahwa keadaannya tak terlalu menggembirakan. The unit shift here
is done because the translator wants to give a clearer description about the phrase painful impression. The unit shift in this case is from the phrase level to the
dependent clause level.
11. ST WDTAE. 69 : Not without knowing you. TT PDK.58 : Orang tak akan melakukannya kecuali dia kenal kau.
12. ST WDTAE. 69 : …why leave money to a fourth son? TT PDK.58 : Kenapa orang memberi warisan pada anak keempat?
The ST above contains verb phrases which are changed into the independent clause in TT, i.e. the verb phrase knowing you becomes dia kenal kau
and the verb phrase leave money becomes orang memberi warisan, this translations are correct since the TT conveys the same meaning with the ST and it
can be understood easily by the TL readers.
3. Phrase unit in ST to sentence units in TT
13. ST WDTAE. 179 : It wasn’t anyone very interesting-some doctor or other. TT PDK.155 : Bukan orang yang sangat penting. Kalau tak salah
seorang dokter. 14.ST WDTAE. 179 : He wanted to know all about him and his wife and when
they came there-all sorts of things.
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63 TT PDK.155 : Dia ingin tahu tentang dokter itu dan istrinya dan kapan
mereka datang ke Inggris. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti itu.
15. ST WDTAE. 9 : Badly topped, it scudded along the ground… TT PDK.7 : Pukulannya tidak sebagus itu. Bola itu menggelinding
masuk bunker… The English noun phrase some doctor or other is shifted to the simple
sentence kalau tak salah seorang dokter in bahasa Indonesia; the verb phrase asked another voice is shifted to simple sentence sebuah suara lain bertanya; the
noun phrase all sorts of things is shifted to simple sentence pertanyaan- pertanyaan seperti itu; and the adjective phrase badly topped is shifted to simple
sentence pukulannya tidak sebagus itu. The unit shifts here are done because the English structure is different
from the structure of bahasa Indonesia. To transfer an SL message to a TL successfully, in order to the TL readers have the same understanding of the SL
readers about the message; the translator must do the shifts. The above translations are correct since the translator expressed the same idea or message of
the ST naturally in the TT.
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Table C The Frequency of Unit Shifts from Phrase Unit to the Other Units
Source Text ST Target Text TT
Phrase Unit Word Unit
Clause Unit Sentence Unit
No. Sample
Page Total Page Total Page Total Page
Total
1 9 3 7 2
7 1
2 19 7 14-15 7 3 29 8 23-24 7
1 4 39 3 30-31 3
5 49 4 40-41 4 6 59 4 49-50 4
7 69 4 58-59 2 58-59 2 8 79 2 67-68 2
9 89 1 77 1
10 99 4 85-86 4 11 109 11 94-95 11
12 119 4 102-103 4
13 129 12 110-111
12 14 139 8 120
8 15 149 12 129
12 16 159 12
137-138 12
17 169 13 145-146
13 18 179 7 154-155
4 154
1 155 2
19 189 7 164-165 7
20 199 17 172-173
17
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65
Source Text ST Target Text TT
Phrase Unit Word Unit
Clause Unit Sentence Unit
No. Sample
Page Total Page Total Page Total Page
Total
21 209 14 181-182
14 22 219 7 191-192
7 23 229 6 200-201
6 24 239 9 209-210
9 25 249 9 217-218
9 26 259 4 227
4 27 269 11 237
11 28 279 10
245-246 9
246 1
29 289 12 255 12
30 299 7 264-265 6
264 1
31 309 14 272-273
14 32 319 4 280
3 280
1 33 329 15
291-292 14 292
1 34 339 8 298
8 35 349 22
307-308 22
TOTAL 295
284 96,3 7 2,4
4 1,3
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4.4 Shifts from Clause Unit in English to the Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
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