4.2 Shifts from Word Unit in English to the Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
The unit shifts in the level of word may occur either in the higher or lower level. The word unit in the SL can be shifted to the other unit in the TL. It can be
shifted to the lower level, i.e. morpheme unit, and it can also shifted to the higher levels, such as phrase, clause, and even sentence unit if it is possible.
1. Word unit in ST to bound morpheme unit in TT
1. ST WDTAE. 189 : Go on. TT PDK.165 : Teruskan.
The preposition on in English is translated into suffix –kan in bahasa Indonesia.
2. ST WDTAE. 189 : I just jump aside in time. TT PDK.165 : Aku sempat meloncat pada waktu yang tepat.
The word aside in the ST phrase jump aside has the equivalence of bound morpheme me- in the TT word meloncat.
3. ST WDTAE. 209 : Go ahead with your plan. TT PDK.181 : Lanjutkan rencanamu.
The word ahead in the ST phrase go ahead has the equivalence of suffix –kan in bahasa Indonesia.
4. ST WDTAE. 329 : …and passed through into the hall. TT PDK.290 : …lalu melewati ruangan besar.
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The word through in the ST phrase passed through has the equivalence of bound morpheme me- in the TT word melewati.
5. ST WDTAE. 339 : And I looked through four hundred and eighty Evans. TT PDK.298 : Dan aku mencari empat ratus delapan puluh Evans di
buku. The word through in the ST phrase looked through has the equivalence of
bound morpheme men- in the TT word melewati. The unit shifts from the word unit to the morpheme unit in the translations
above are correct since they can preserve the meaningmessage of the ST properly and they sound natural.
2.Word unit in ST to phrase unit in TT
6. ST WDTAE. 59 : …father gives me an allowance. TT PDK.49 : …ayah memberiku uang saku.
7. ST WDTAE. 69 : Then there’s revenge. TT PDK.59 : Lalu ada kemungkinan balas dendam.
8. ST WDTAE. 39 : …and how he himself had driven into the chasm. TT PDK.30 : …dan bagaimana dia sendiri sampai di tepi jurang.
9. ST WDTAE. 99 : George Arbutnot did the same and the bed groaned protestingly.
TT PDK.85 : George Arbuthnot ikut duduk dan tempat tidur itu berteriak memprotes.
10. ST WDTAE. 159 : …her eyelids halfly closed. TT PDK.138 : …dengan kelopak mata setengah tertutup.
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The noun
word allowance 6, revenge 7, chasm 8, bed 9, and
eyelids10 do not have the equivalence from the same unit in bahasa Indonesia. So, there is no other choice, they must be translated by using the phrases to
transfer the meaning from English to bahasa Indonesia. In the above translations, uang saku, balas dendam, tepi jurang, tempat tidur and kelopak mata are noun
phrases.
11. ST WDTAE. 99 : George Arbuthnot spoke for the first time. TT PDK.86 : George Arbuthnot untuk pertama kali buka mulut.
12. ST WDTAE. 279 : …she were admiring a performance at a theatre. TT PDK.246 : …ia mengagumi sebuah pertunjukkan bagus di sebuah
teater. 13. ST WDTAE. 279 : Difficult circumstances…
TT PDK.246 : Situasi yang tak memungkinkan.
The English verb spoke 11, the noun performance 12, and the adjective difficult 13 in the above ST actually could also be translated with the word unit
in bahasa Indonesia, such as berbicara spoke, pertunjukkan performance, and sulit difficult, but these meanings cannot represent or describe the meaning of
the sentences clearly and cannot give particular description over the story action. So, they are better translated by using phrases to describe the meaning of the
words in the TT clearly. The unit shifts from the word unit to the phrase unit in the above translations have been done correctly and they sound natural in the TL.
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2.Word unit in ST to clause unit in TT
1. ST WDTAE. 189 : …the answer came promptly TT PDK.165 : …jawaban itu ternyata dia terima langsung.
2. ST WDTAE. 239 : He’ll like Moira nearly any man would. TT PDK.209 : Dia akan suka pada Moira-aku rasa semua laki-laki akan
menyukainya. 3. ST WDTAE. 279 : The Bassington-ffrenches were popular locally…
TT PDK.246 : Keluarga Bassington-ffrenches merupakan keluarga yang cukup terkenal di daerah itu.
4. ST WDTAE. 9 : The solitary witness of the shot manifested no surprise TT PDK.7 : Satu-satunya penonton yang melihat pun tidak merasa
heran. 5. ST WDTAE. 19 : …the stranger made shocked comments.
TT PDK.15 : …orang itu memberikan reaksi-reaksi seperti orang tekejut.
6. ST WDTAE. 219 : …and recognizing body as that of a convenient brother. TT PDK.192 : …dan dengan enak mengaku mayat itu sebagai mayat
saudaranya. 7. ST WDTAE. 239 : …that sits and waits to be eaten by a snake without
doing anything about it. TT PDK.209 : …yang hanya bisa duduk dan menunggu dimakan ular
tanpa mau berbuat apapun. The English words in the above ST are shifted to clauses as its equivalence
in Bahasa Indonesia. It is done because the clause could represent the meaning of
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57 the word in the TL. This means that unit shift is done to preserve the whole
meaning in the sentences.
3. Word unit in ST to sentence unit in TT
The unit shift from word level to the highest level of the grammatical unit , i.e. sentence level as can be seen below :
8. ST WDTAE. 49 : Nothing, I’ve just remembered something. TT PDK.41 : Tidak apa-apa. Aku hanya teringat sesuatu.
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Table B The Frequency of Unit Shifts from Word Unit to the Other Units
Source Text ST
Target Text TT Word Unit
Morpheme Unit
Phrase Unit Clause Unit
Sentence Unit No.
Sample
Page Total
Page Total Page Total Page Total Page
Total
1 9 4
7 4 2 19
5 14-15 5
3 29 6
23-24 6 4 39
5 30-31 5
5 49 3
40-41 1 1
1 6 59
4 49-50 4
7 69 6
58-59 5 1
8 79 4
67-68 4 9 89
10 99 6 85-86 6
11 109 3 94-95 3
12 119 7 102-103 7
13 129 15
110-111 15 14 139 5
120 5 15 149 5
129 5 16 159 9
137-138 9 17 169 3
145-146 3 18 179 5
154-155 5 19 189 5
3 164-165 1 1
20 199 4 172-173 4
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59
Source Text ST
Target Text TT Word Unit
Morpheme Unit
Phrase Unit Clause Unit
Sentence Unit No.
Sample
Page Total
Page Total Page Total Page Total Page
Total 21 209 8
1 181-182 7 22 219 9
191-192 9 23 229 7
200-201 7 24 239
13 209-210 12
1
25 249 4 217-218 4
26 259 5 227 5
27 269 4 237 4
28 279 12
245-246 11 1
29 289 7 255 7
30 299 9 264-265 9
31 309 5 272-273 5
32 319 7 280 7
33 329 4 2 291-292 2
34 339 1 298 1
35 349 15
307-308 15
Total 213
5 202 5
1
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4.3 Shifts from Phrase Unit in English to the Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
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