46 activities. In the classroom observation forms, the researcher used performance
check lists to find whether certain behavior was perform or not and field notes to get detailed information.
2. Interview
Boyce and Neale 2006 state that interview is useful to find detailed information about a person‟s thought and behavior p. 3. Patton 1990, p. 278
elaborates that “the purpose of interviewing is to find out what is in or on
someone else‟s mind. The purpose of open-ended interviewing is not to put things in someone‟s mind but to access the perspective of the person being interviewed”
as cited in Best Kahn, 2006, p. 265. Thus, the researcher interviewed the vice chairperson and the head of the curriculum of the History Department to get more
information about the targets of English learning, the students‟ needs, suitable materials, the curriculum and the syllabus implemented. The interview was
conducted on March 19, 2015. Open-ended questions WH questions were implemented in the interview so that the researcher could gain broad and detailed
information which needed further explanation.
3. Questionnaire
Question naire is a “printed forms that ask the same questions of all
individuals in the sample” Borg et al, 2007, p. 228. In each questionnaire item, written responses were recorded by the respondents. The researcher used
questionnaire since it took less time to compile the data and the data-collection process could be controlled.
47 First, the pre-design questionnaires which aimed to collect information
data about the students‟ needs were distributed to the first semester students of the History Department. Multiple-choice questions were selected in the pre-design
questionnaires in order to limit the responses based on the categories given. It also helped the researcher collected the data of the students‟ needs easier.
Then, post-design questionnaires or evaluation questionnaires were distributed to the experts to evaluate and gave validation whether the materials
were suitable for the students of History Department. Later, the evaluation would be used to revise and improve the designed materials. Scaled questions using
points of agreement and open-ended questions WH questions were selected in the evaluation questionnaires to gain intended feedback from the experts.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In data analysis techniques, the researcher presented two important points: a needs survey and evaluation.
1. Needs survey
Three research instruments were conducted in the needs survey, they are classroom observation, interview and pre-design questionnaires. In the classroom
observation, the researcher used performance checklists and field notes forms to identify the students‟ characteristics. The forms were divided into lecturer‟s
activities form and students‟ activities form. Next, the data gained from the interview with the vice chairperson and the head of the curriculum of the History
Department were described in a narrative description.
