8 related to the field of study for the first semester students of the History
Department.
4. The History Department of Sanata Dharma University
The History Department is one of the departments in the Faculty of Letters in Sanata Dharma University. It aims to provide graduates who excel in historical
knowledge mastery and are culture-conscious. The graduates are expected to make use of history as a bridge of the past, the present and the future.
The History Department focuses in studying Indonesia history. Most of the historical data are written in English, Bahasa Indonesia, and Dutch. Therefore, the
students of the History Department are required to have appropriate English proficiency to be able to read and write. The targets of English learning focus on
reading comprehension and writing competence. In the curriculum of 2006, the students of semester 1 are directly exposed to
two English courses at a time: Bahasa Inggris 1 which focuses on grammar and Bahasa Inggris 2 which focuses on vocabulary. Later on, they are obliged to take
Bahasa Inggris 3 which focuses on writing. In the semester 4 and 5 they are required to implement the knowledge they gained in Aplikasi Bahasa Inggris 1
and 2. In this study, the researcher focuses on the first semester students of the
History Department who take English course. The research is conducted in Bahasa Inggris 1 course in the academic year 20142015, the History Department
of Sanata Dharma University.
9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two parts. They are theoretical description which discusses the theories that are relevant to the research and theoretical
framework which discussed the adaptation of the research method and the instructional design method that are used in the research.
A. Theoretical Description
This section consists of some theories that support this research, namely review of related studies, the theory of instructional design, the theory of reading,
the theory of grammar and reading, the theory of vocabulary and reading, the theory of writing and the theory of content-based instruction.
1. Instructional Design
In this research, the researcher adapted the design model from Kemp, Morrison, Ross and Kalman 2011 in designing the materials since the goal of the
instructional design is “to design and develop instruction that will improve performance in a most effective and efficient manner” p. 3.
According to Kemp et al 2011, there are four fundamental components of instructional design, namely l
earners‟ characteristics, objectives, instructional strategies, and evaluation. These components are interrelated and could
conceivably make up an entire instructional design plan. Further, Kemp et al 2011 state the systematic design process which consists of nine elements
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