68 Let‟s Guess
To stimulate the students‟ background information of the topic, pictures and some questions are provided in this stage so as to build curiosity as well as
motivation to learn more about the topic. Let‟s Read
This stage consists of reading activity and comprehension questions. The students are provided reading text related to the topic. A small corner of reading
strategies is also provided in each unit to introduce the students some reading strategies that will be helpful in reading. It will be useful to enhance the students‟
reading comprehension. After reading the text, students are given exercise to check their comprehension of the reading text. The exercise may include
answering questions and or true or false statements. Let‟s Think
This stage provides some vocabulary exercises for the students which are taken from the reading text. The students can either use the dictionary or guess
based on the context to find the meaning of the bold-type words in the vocabulary list. Part of speech, synonym, and word ending are also given as a one way to
enrich the students‟ vocabulary. Let‟s Learn
CBI permits adding grammar section in the learning activities. This stage introduces the students about sentence patterns, tenses, and types of sentences that
will be useful for them to improve their writing. There is a brief explanation of grammar and exercises to ensure the students understanding.
69 Let‟s Write
In this stage, the students are exposed to some writing genres such as individual personal information, informative writing, expository writing, and
narrative text. Explanation is provided to help the students understand the use of each genre.
Let‟s Act At last, the students are asked to produce a writing passage as the follow-
up activity of Let’s Write. This will also help the students to implement the
vocabulary and grammar they learn into a good use and assist the lecturer to check their improvement in both reading and writing.
b. Instructional Strategies
After selecting the topics and determining the learning stages, the researcher collected many texts and learning materials from various sources.
Based on the data, the students chose historical texts which consisted of grammar and vocabulary exercises. Later, the exercises should also be helpful for them to
improve their writing. Thus, the researcher provided texts which contained historical data as well as grammar and vocabulary exercises which also in
accordance with the syllabi. Most of the vocabulary and grammar contexts of learning were taken from the handouts given by the lecturers, namely basic
sentence patterns; types of sentences declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory; kinds of sentences simple, compound, and complex; and word
endings. In addition, the tenses contexts of learning were taken from Understanding and Using English Grammar 4
th
ed. written by Betty S. Azar and
70 Stacy A. Hagen 2013. Then, the texts and learning materials would be combined
into one unit of learning. Pictures and figures were also added to make the designed materials more colorful and to attract the students‟ interest. The
elaboration of the designed materials was presented in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6 The Learning Materials of the Designed Materials No
Topics Learning Materials
1. Kris
Reading: A text entitled “Kris” Vocabulary: Parts of Speech
Grammar: Basic Sentence Patterns and Types of Sentences Declarative, Imperative, Interogative, and Exlamatory
Writing: Personal Information and its example in the reading text entitled “My Dream? A Journalist”
2. R. A. Kartini
Reading: A text entitled “R. A. Kartini” Vocabulary: Word endings
Grammar: Simple Past Tense
Writing: Informative Writing and Mind Mapping 3.
Ullen Sentalu Reading: A text entitled “Ullen Sentalu Museum of
Yogyakarta” Grammar: Simple Present Tense and Present Progressive
Tense Writing: Expository Writing and its example in the reading
text entitled “Major Causes of Stress among Students” 4.
Borobudur Temple Reading: A text entitled “Borobudur: A Wonder of
Indonesia” Vocabulary: Synonym
Grammar: Kinds of Sentences Simple, Compound, and Complex
Writing: Narrative text and its example in the reading text entitled
“The Most Memorable Experience in My Life”
c. Designing the Message
In this part, the researcher selected and sorted the layout, the fonts, the pictures and the figures to make the designed materials more interesting. This
view was supported by Kemp et al 2011, mentioned that the function of layouts, fonts, pictures, decoration, and etcetera was to communicate the message as a
