51 students‟ needs. Furthermore, the pre-design questionnaires were distributed to
gain more data in identifying the students‟ needs.
2. Planning
The data gathered were analyzed to determine the approach and the activities reading and writing into one framework followed by formulating goals
and topics based on students‟ needs and the goals of the English course. Finally, the researcher specified the learning objectives based on the formulated goals and
topics.
3. Preliminary Form of Product Development
The materials designed were selected and organized from various sources which had been adjusted to the English syllabus of the History Department. The
researcher chose the reading texts, exercises and the writing contexts based on the learning objectives on each unit of the materials.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
The researcher distributed the evaluation questionnaires to the experts then analyzed the result, the scores and the feedback opinions, comments and
suggestion.
5. Main Product Revision
The materials were revised based on the evaluation questionnaires‟ result and the feedback given to improve the materials which are suitable for the first
semester students of the History Department.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter aims to present the processes of conducting the research and the results of the study. This chapter consists of the steps of designing a set of
reading and writing supplementary materials using content-based instruction and the presentation of the designed materials for the first semester students of the
History Department.
A. The Steps to Design Reading and Writing Supplementary Materials
Using Content-based Instruction for the First Semester Students of the History Department
In this part, the researcher employed the combination of the adapted model of Research and Development RD method proposed by Borg and Gall 1983
and Kemp‟s instructional design model 2011 in designing the materials. The details of each step were discussed as followed.
1. Research and Information Collecting
In this step, the researcher conducted some literature reviews by studying the theories of teaching and learning, materials development, content-based
instruction CBI, KKNI curriculum, the theories of reading and writing as well as the characteristics of the first semester students of the History Department. The
literature reviews were presented in Chapter II.
