35 activities can be used in CBI classroom such as pair and group work, information
gap, jigsaw, graphic organizers, discussion and debate, role-play, survey tasks, process writing, problem solving, sequencing, ranking and values clarification.
These techniques and tasks reflect the principles of CBI since they involve the active participation of learners in exchange of content or theme-related
information. In this study, CBI is the most suitable approach to English learning for the
History Department students. Through CBI, the students are able to learn both the language and the contents of the materials. The language used is exposed through
the contents of the designed materials which are specifically selected and related to the students‟ field of study to match their needs and interest.
7. Review of Related Studies
Previous studies related to reading and writing materials design have been conducted before. Wijayanti 2011 designed a set of integrated reading and
writing instructional materials using cooperative learning. The participants in her study were the tenth grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur ST. Louis IX Sedayu
Bantul. Next, Pratiwi 2011 also designed reading and writing materials for tenth grade students of SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. However, she implemented an
approach called Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC in designing the materials. The latest research was conducted by Bame 2015 who
designed an integrated reading and writing materials for tenth grade students of SMA Katolik Villanova Manokwari. Based on the data above, all of the
researchers designed reading and writing materials and the participants were all
36 tenth grade students from different high schools. However, each researcher
implemented different approach in the designed materials. A study related to the implementation of Content-Based Instruction CBI
had been conducted by Damayanti 2015. She designed reading materials using CBI for the tenth grade students majoring Teknik Komunikasi dan Jaringan TKJ
in SMK Negeri 1 Nanggulan. Most of the instructions in the computer are written in English so she designed reading materials which topics were related to
computer. In this study, the researcher attempts to design reading and writing
materials. However, it should be noted that the participants of the research are different from previous studies. The researcher designs a set of reading and
writing materials for the first semester students of the History Department of Sanata Dharma University. The researcher implements Content-Based Instruction
CBI in the designed materials so that the students are able to learn both the language and the content of the materials.
B. Theoretical Framework
The focus of the study is to design a set of reading and writing supplementary materials using content-based instruction for the first semester
students of History Department of Sanata Dharma University. The characteristics of the materials are adapted from the principles of CBI. Then, in order to address
the formulated problem the theories of reading by Harmer 2007a, 2007b, principles of reading, and reading strategies by Farrell 2009, the theory of
