39 In this study, due to the limitation of time, there were only 5 phases of
ten major phases based on RD cycle which were conducted. Those five phases were Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Development of Preliminary
Form of Product, Preliminary Field Testing, and Main Product Revision. Since this method was used to answer the research problems, the writer also applied the
adaptation of Kemp’s and Yalden’s instructional design model as the realization of Educational Research and Development RD method. The elaboration of all
phases conducted in this study will be described as follows.
1. Research and Information Collection
According to RD cycle, the writer is suggested to do the starting step before designing materials which is to collect the information. This phase is
actually applied in the first phase of Yalden’s design model which is to do needs survey. In this phase, the writer collected the information about the students’
experiences, lacks, interest and needs on the listening class. In collecting the information, the writer distributed a questionnaire to the students and conducted
an interview with the eighth grade English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The information collected aims to help the writer in designing the appropriate
English listening materials for the students.
2. Planning
In this phase, the writer prepared a planning before designing materials. The important aspect of planning based on RD cycle is the learning objectives
which are going to achieve in teaching learning activities. In this study, the writer
40 planned some things the planning consists of stating the goals, topics, general
purposes, learning objectives, as well as listing the subject content.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
In this phase, the writer selected the teaching learning activities and sources. The writer chose what activities to do in class by both the teacher and the
students. Furthermore, the sources were gained by reading some books and browsing the internet. The writer prepared the selected teaching learning activities
in a form of teacher’s book and student’s book.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
Next, the writer conducted expert verification on the designed materials. The verification was done by two lecturers of the English Language Education
Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and two eighth grade English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The result of the verification was used to
revise the product.
5. Main Product Revision
The last phase is to revise the preliminary product. The writer conducted the revision of the product based on the feedback obtained from the expert
verification. The revision helped the writer to improve the designed materials in order to present the final version of the materials.
B. Research Setting
This study took place in SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The eighth graders of the school and the eighth grade English teachers became the participants. The
41 writer distributed the first questionnaire to the students on June 5, 2013. Then, the
writer conducted an interview with the eighth grade English teachers of the school at the same time with the distribution of the questionnaire to the students. The
second questionnaire to the eighth grade English teachers of the school and the two ELESP lecturers of Sanata Dharma University was distributed on November
25 26, 2013.
C. Research Participants
In this study, the participants were divided into two groups. The first group was the participants of the research and information collection. Then, the
second group was the participants of the preliminary field testing. Those two groups were described as follows.
1. Participants of the Research and Information Collection
The participants of the research and information collection were the eighth graders of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and the two eighth grade English
teachers of the school. In collecting the information, the writer distributed the questionnaire to the eighth graders of the school and conducted an interview with
the two eighth grade English teachers of the school. From the participants, the writer obtained the information about the students’ characteristics, lacks, needs,
and interests.
2. Participants of the Preliminary Field Testing
In the preliminary field testing, the participants are two eighth grade English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and two English Language
