33 task-cycle, language focus, and the review of what had been learnt as proposed in
task-based instructions. This study is similar to the other studies above. It concerns with the use
of task-based language teaching in designing English listening materials. In this study, the writer follows the path of using TBLT as the underlying theory in
designing English listening materials as used by the other writers. However, what make the writer’s design different from the others’ are the subject and the content
of the designed materials. In this study, the subject is the eighth graders of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the content of the designed materials are short
functional text invitation and announcement, and monologue text narrative and recount.
C. Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework aims to answer the research problems. The first research problem, which is how the task-based English listening materiasl for
the eighth graders of SMP N 2 Yogyakarta are designed, is answered by designing the writer own model of instructional design . The writer’s own design model is
an adaptation of Kemp’s and Yalden’s instructional design model. The writers’s model can be seen in the following figure Figure 2.4.
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Figure 2.4: The Writer’s Design Model
Furthermore, to make it clearer, the following explanation discusses each phase of the writer’s model.
1. Gathering Information
The design materials were started by gathering information. This phase is used to gather the information about the students’ characteristics. The information
was gathered by distributing a questionnaire to the students and conducting an interview with the eighth grade English teachers. The information gathered would
be used to design the appropriate English listening materials for the students.
Gathering Information
Stating Goals, Topics, and General Purposes
Listing Subject Content
Selecting Teaching Learning Activities and Resources
Evaluating
Revising the Materials
Determining Learning Objectives
Phase 1: Kemp Yalden
Phase 3: Kemp Phase 2: Kemp
Phase 4: Kemp
Phase 4: Kemp
Phase 6: Kemp Yalden
Phase 7: Kemp
