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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer discusses the methodology used in this study. The discussions in this chapter includes the research method, research setting,
research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedures. Each of them is respectively elaborated as
follows.
A. Research Method
This study was Educational Research and Development RD. Educational Research and Development RD is a process which is used to
develop and validate educational products Borg and Gall, 1983, p. 772. In further explanation, Gall, Borg, and Gall 2007 clarify RD as:
An industry-based development model in which the findings of research are used to design new products and procedures, which then are
systematically field-tested, evaluated, and refined until they meet specified criteria effectiveness, quality, or similar standards p.589.
The process in RD consists of a cycle which comprises ten phases, which are 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3 development of preliminary
form of product, 4 preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8 operational field testing, 9
final product revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation Borg and Gall, 1983: 775. Those ten phases are then called RD cycle.
39 In this study, due to the limitation of time, there were only 5 phases of
ten major phases based on RD cycle which were conducted. Those five phases were Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Development of Preliminary
Form of Product, Preliminary Field Testing, and Main Product Revision. Since this method was used to answer the research problems, the writer also applied the
adaptation of Kemp’s and Yalden’s instructional design model as the realization of Educational Research and Development RD method. The elaboration of all
phases conducted in this study will be described as follows.
1. Research and Information Collection
According to RD cycle, the writer is suggested to do the starting step before designing materials which is to collect the information. This phase is
actually applied in the first phase of Yalden’s design model which is to do needs survey. In this phase, the writer collected the information about the students’
experiences, lacks, interest and needs on the listening class. In collecting the information, the writer distributed a questionnaire to the students and conducted
an interview with the eighth grade English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The information collected aims to help the writer in designing the appropriate
English listening materials for the students.
2. Planning
In this phase, the writer prepared a planning before designing materials. The important aspect of planning based on RD cycle is the learning objectives
which are going to achieve in teaching learning activities. In this study, the writer
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