Gathering Information Theoretical Framework

37 both the English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and the ELESP lecturers of Sanata Dharma University. The feedback given towards the designed materials helped the writer to make some improvement on the designed materials. Instead of using theory of design to answer the first problem formulation, the writer used theories of task-based language teaching and listening as the answers of the second research problem. The second research problem is what the design of task-based English listening materials for the eighth graders of SMP N 2 Yogyakarta looks like. The writer applied the phases offered in task-based language teaching to present a complete module which consists of English listening materials. In addition, the school-based curriculum became the consideration in determining the topic, goals, and general purposes for the designed materials which are also delivered in the form of syllabus and lesson plan. Since the theory of listening elaborated in this study discusses extensive and intensive listening, then the writer implements both extensive and intensive listening in presenting a complete module of task-based English listening material for eighth graders of SMP N 2 Yogyakarta. Besides, many kinds of activities suggested in task-based language teaching and listening theories became the consideration in formulating many kinds of listening activities for the learners. 38

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer discusses the methodology used in this study. The discussions in this chapter includes the research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedures. Each of them is respectively elaborated as follows.

A. Research Method

This study was Educational Research and Development RD. Educational Research and Development RD is a process which is used to develop and validate educational products Borg and Gall, 1983, p. 772. In further explanation, Gall, Borg, and Gall 2007 clarify RD as: An industry-based development model in which the findings of research are used to design new products and procedures, which then are systematically field-tested, evaluated, and refined until they meet specified criteria effectiveness, quality, or similar standards p.589. The process in RD consists of a cycle which comprises ten phases, which are 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3 development of preliminary form of product, 4 preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8 operational field testing, 9 final product revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation Borg and Gall, 1983: 775. Those ten phases are then called RD cycle.