11 learning activities. From those three statements, the researcher found a new term,
anticipatory set, which refers to set induction interest approach.
3. Anticipatory Set
From the definition provided above, there one statement said that set inductions are often referred to as interest approach or anticipatory set. Set induction can be
called Anticipatory set. Anticipatory set id the other names for set induction. It is stated in Burden Byrd 1999:120 that Madeline Hunter 1994 used the term
anticipatory set instead to describe the concept of set induction. Pointing out the activity is intended to develop a mental readiness or “set for the lesson.
Anticipatory set includes as follow. a. the motivation and introduction of the lesson
b. it is the attention gather from the lesson c. the activity to focus the students’ attention
d. provide a brief practice and or develop readiness for the instruction that will follow
e. it should relate to some previous learning The anticipatory set should help the students get mentally or physically for
the lesson Combs, 2008, cited in http:www.edulink.orglessomplamanticipa.htm , accessed on June 8, 2010 in
other sources, stated by Kelly Magruder from Oklahoma Baptist University, as cited in http:www.okbu.neted398ed.htm ,accessed on June 8, 2010 methods
that can be used in anticipatory set. The methods that can be used are mention as follows.
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12 1. questions
2. demonstration especially one with result the students do not expect 3. story or anecdote
4. shock 5. humor
6. pertinent new item 7. role playing
8. modelingvisualization 9. quiz
4. Purposes of Set Induction
Set induction is an activity to begin a lesson. Further, it has some purposes through this activity before directly jump to the main material taught.
According to La Sulo et. al., 1980:35, there are two main purposes of set induction:
a. to prepare the students’ mental readiness so that they are ready to involve in the material to be discussed
b. to build students’ interest and attention towards the topic to be leaned un the learning process.
From other sources, according to Burden Byrd 1999:63, it is stated that there are also two main purposes of set induction as follows.
a. set induction can help the students to understand what they will be studying
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13 b. set induction will help the student focus their attention to the subject being
considered, informing them where the lesson is going, relating new material to the content already understood and providing structure for subsequent lesson.
According to Perrot 1982, there are for purposes of set induction: a. to focus attention on what is to be learned b gaining the interest of the students
b. to move from old to new materials and linking the two c. to provides a structure fro the lesson and setting expectations of what will
happen d. to give meaning to a new concept or principle, such as giving example
According to Brown 1975:88, there are four main reasons why use set induction. a. to focus the student’s attention on what is to be learned
b. to create a frame of the reference before or during the lesson c. to give meaning to a new concept or principle
d. to stimulate students’ interest and involvement According to Richards and Lockhart 2005:114-115 , in which set
induction is called Lesson beginning, can serves a variety of purposes. They are as follows.
1 Cognitive Contribution
a to help the learner to relate the content of the new lesson to that of the last or previous lesson
b to assess relevant knowledge c to establish an appropriate “set” in learners : i.e., prepare them for what is
follow cognitive and affective contribution
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2 Pragmatic Contribution
a. to allow “tuning in “ time – which may be especially important in situations
b. to reduce the disruption caused by late-arriving students
5. Set Induction in a Lesson
