Aspect to be considered in Set Induction

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4. The set induction and the content of the lesson should be related to the

students’ lives or previous lesson. Students will be more interested of the lesson if the lesson is related with their lives. The teachers better find as many materials that can describe the students’ habit in their real life. Other ways, the research can relate the lesson with the students’ previous lesson. Set induction is also used to build continuity from lesson to lesson, from unit to unit. Thus, a new set induction may be linked between the students’ previous knowledge or lesson and the new lesson.

c. Aspect to be considered in Set Induction

According to Buku Pedoman Pengajaran Mikro 2008:15-16, there are some aspects to be considered in set induction activities, namely: 1 Increasing the students’ interest and attention In order to increase students’ interest and attention, the students teachers need to show high enthusiasm. There are some techniques that can be used. The descriptions are as follow. a The teaching style of the teacher The student teachers have high spirits in delivering the lesson, look fresh, have high energy, use properly movement, and have loud and warm voice. The gesture and facial expression will support to get the students’ attention, the beginning of such events were often mark by the changes of teacher’s voice quality of volume, or in the teacher’s location or posture, these serving to call the group attention Wong-Fillmore, 1985:27, cited in Richards Lockhart, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 18 2005:114. It means that it is important to set the teachers voice and position in the class in order to get the students’ attention. b The use of teaching media Using interesting and functional teaching media also can attract the students’ attention and interest, such as pictures, stories, newspaper and analogy. It is important to consider the relevancy between the topic and the learning objectives. c The interaction variation The monotone style in the classroom interaction, teacher explains and students listen, or teacher asks question and students answer, will not work for long time. It is better to create another variation on classroom interaction. Singh Sharma 2004:83 stated that there are three types of interaction between teacher and pupils students : 1. teacher-pupils or teacher – group of pupils 2. teacher – pupil 3. pupil-pupil In addition, Singh Sharma draw the interaction overleaf. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 19 Figure 2.1. Interaction Patterns Singh Sharma, 2004:84 2 Raising motivation The biggest problem students must overcome in school s lack of motivation Hedin, 1989. Attention and interest are the main components in order to build motivation. There are some techniques to build students’ motivation: a Teachers’ enthusiasm The teacher is full energy, use loud and warm voice that can influence the students to involve to the learning process. b Building the students’ curiosity Telling the actual events and giving question or showing the models or pictures which stimuli the students’ mind are more effective than giving punishment. teacher teacher teacher Class Sub-Group Sub-Group Individual pupil teacher pupil pupil teacher Class PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 20 c Delivering topic that makes different opinion of each student Teachers can deliver some ideas that make the students think. The result id the students thought may be varied. The topics can be about the students’ interest or controversial news that attracts the students’ attention recently. d Utilizing or using things or object that become the students’ attention Teachers can use some issues that become the trend among the environment or the students’ live. A teacher should be aware and be able to record the newest situation, which attracts students’ attention through media, such as television and newspaper. e Giving the reference or structure in order to reach the learning objectives The student teacher deliver the learning objectives and what kind of tasks in order to reach the plan of learning objectives. f Showing the connection The student teachers need to refer to the knowledge and experiences that the students have already known as the “steeping stone” to direct the students to the topic to be learnt. The student teachers can also show the connection by connecting the topic that has been learnt or comparing or contradicting the knowledge that has been learnt with the one will be learned. One of the main parts on set induction is raising students’ motivation. After getting the students’ attention, the teachers also should increase the students’ motivation to learn. Despite of the strategy offered above, Robert Harris PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 21 1991 also delivered some of his ideas to give the students motivation to learn. The descriptions are as follow. a Reward Students who do not have yet had powerful intrinsic motivation to learn can be helped by extrinsic motivators in the form of reward. Giving reward is more effective than criticizing incorrect or unwanted answers. The rewards can be configured to the level of the students. Small children can be given balloon gum, or crayon. University students may be given a book or verbal praise from the professor for good performance. The reward can also in the form of extra points for students’ mark reward can encourage students to perform at higher level. By giving reward, it also can increase the students’ participation and involvement in the classroom activity. Extrinsic motivators like rewards can influence students’ intrinsic motivation. b Using positive emotions to enhance learning and motivation Positive emotions are connected with learners’ experiences. The teacher can make something fun, exciting, loving, in which the student will learn more readily and the learning will last longer. People remember better when the learning is accompanied by strong emotions. It means that the teachers should always support the students with positive emotions in order to increase the students learning motivation. The teachers can give motivational speeches in the learning process. The teachers can also use stories of some success people to enhance the student learning motivation PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 22

7. Devices of Set Induction