34 In this chapter, the researcher has mentioned theories about perceptions,
self-fulfilling prophecy, motivation and lecturer or learning facilitator in order to answer the two research questions as formulated in the previous chapter. In the
next chapter, the researcher would like to review the method of data gathering as well as the analysis of the findings. The detail of the research procedure can be
found in the following chapter.
35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides a description of the method used in this research in order to answer the two research questions stated in Chapter 1. There are six sub-
chapters that will be discussed. They are: the research method, the research setting, the research participants, the instruments and the data gathering technique,
the data analysis technique and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research discusses lecturers’ perception on the implementation of
self-fulfilling prophecy. Moreover, the researcher would like to analyze the impact of implementing self-fulfilling prophecy in order to
encourage students’ confidence or motivation. The way the researcher conducted the research would
be delivered in this chapter. The researcher used qualitative method in order to get in-depth
description of the lecturers’ perception on the implementation of self-fulfilling prophecy. It is supported by Lichtman 2013 who claims that:
The main purpose of qualitative research is to provide an in-depth description and understanding of the human experience. It is about
humans. The purpose of qualitative research is to describe, understand, and interpret human phenomena, human interaction, or human discourse
p. 17.
36 This research was designed to find information focusing on the current
phenomena which is implementing the self-fulfilling prophecy related to the students’ performance or motivation based on lecturers’ perception. Therefore, the
findings of this research is based on what lecturers understand, experience and also their description about implementing self-fulfilling prophecy. Thus, this
research was included into the qualitative research because this research did not apply any statistical data.
The qualitative research is important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behavior Kothari, 2004.
Related to the discoveries of the underlying motives of human behavior, Keegan 2009 also states that qualitative researchers are interested in understanding how
people interpret their experience, how they construct their worlds, and what meaning they attribute to their experience.
T his research tried to seek, understand and describe the participants’
perception, experience and reaction of providing self-fulfilling prophecy on the way they teach. The researcher conducted interview with the participant to gather
the data. Finally, the result of this research would be presented descriptively.
B. Research Participants
The participants of this research were four lecturers from Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. The researcher considered that four lecturers were
sufficient as representatives of those implementing self-fulfilling prophecy. The
37 lecturers who became the participants of this research were lecturers of the
English Language Study Program ELESP in Sanata Dharma University. The lecturers were chosen under the consideration that these lecturers were the ones
who implemented self-fulfilling prophecy in the way lecturers teach. Moreover, based on the researcher’s experience becoming a student, the selected participants
possess the knowledge in self-fulfilling prophecy. Thus, the participants can provide the relevant information about the topic. The names of the participants are
disguised to protect their privacy. The details of the participants are described as follows.
Table 3.1 Details of the Participants
No Name
Not real names Age
Teaching Commencement in Sanata Dharma University
1. Ms. Richa
27 Since 2013
2. Mr. Daniel
34 Since 2005
3. Mr. Jono
41 Since 1999
4. Mr. Martha
40 Since 2000
The participants of this research were chosen purposively. Ary et al., 2002 state that
“purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique in which subjects judged to be representative of the population are included in the
sample ” p. 648. In purposive sampling, there is no general rule about the number
of participants to be included. Qualitative studies more typically use nonrandom or purposive selection techniques based on particular criteria. The criteria for the
participants in this research were the availability of lecturers and how the way the lecturers teach based on the researcher
’s experience and advisor’s suggestions.
