Research Setting RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

40 The researcher conducted the interviews with some lecturers in Sanata Dharma University who were considered as carrying out high-frequency self- fulfilling prophecy in the classroom. The questions were related to the importance of using self-fulfilling prophecy to im prove the students’ performance based on lecturers’ perception. Further, the questions also related to what extent do the perceptions influence the way lecturers teach. The purposes of this research were to know the lecturers’ perception on the implementation of self-fulfilling prophecy. Moreover, based on the perception itself, it can be found that the implementation of self- fulfilling prophecy is useful to encourage students’ confidence. The researcher used guidelines of questions in order to allow the researcher to modify, delete, or add interview questions during the interview. The guidelines of the questions can be seen in the Appendix B. The interviews were recorded by using one hand phone with the common recording phone. To avoid some problems that might come up with the device, the researcher was not only use one device to record the interview. The interview was also recorded by using an audacity program f rom the researcher’s laptop. Ary et al., 2002 state “the most efficient way to collect arranged interview data is to use a tape recorder. This way is much less distracting than taking notes and it also provides a verbatim record of the responses” p. 434. Therefore, the researcher did not take note during the interview. The interview used both English and Bahasa Indonesia based on the interview situation. The use of code-switching is to make both the researcher and the participants have a deeper conversation. 41 However, in presenting the data, the researcher translated the Bahasa Indonesia version of the interview into English.

E. Data Analysis Technique

Since it was qualitative research, the research did not use a formulation of statistic data Ary, et al., 2002. After obtaining the data or information from the participants, the researcher analyzed it. Since the interview was designed in a form of semi-structured interview and the questions were designed in form of open-ended questions, the data was analyzed using qualitative method. Before analyzing the data, the researcher transcribed the result of lecturers’ interview recording. The researcher transcribed all of the interviews from each participant into transcription to ease the researcher in analyzing the data. Transcription means recording in words all forms of data obtained in a qualitative study, with additional notes made as necessary. Ary et al., 2002, p. 652. Later, the researcher put one of interview transcript in appendices as an example of the data. The example of the interview transcript can be seen in Appendix C. There are three steps that can be used in analyzing the data from interview according to Ary, et al. 2002. The researcher applied three steps in analyzing the data: 1 organizing the data, 2 summarizing the data and 3 interpreting the data. The first step in analyzing the data was organizing the data. The process of organizing the data was started by reducing the data, based on Ary, et al., namely coding process 2002. The coding process could be done by sorting the data into categories. The researcher classified the data based on the answer,