38 Thus, the participants were chosen because the researcher once joined the
participants’ class so the researcher more or less knows the participants’ behavior not only in the class but also outside the class.
C. Research Setting
The research was conducted in Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. The researcher chose this place under the consideration that the lecturers in this
university had a good manner of teaching; they have self-fulfilling prophecy and they are able to motivate their students. It was all based on
the researcher’s experience becoming one of the English Language Study Program ELESP
student. Moreover, the researcher chose this university rather than other universities because the researcher has been studying in this university for four
years so the researcher more or less knows the lecturers’ way of teaching. The
researcher did not choose other universities because the aim of this research is to analyze the lecturers in English Language Education Study
Program’s perception on the implementation of self-fulfilling prophecy. Moreover, the aim of this
research was also to know how the implementation of positive self-fulfilling prophecy influenced the way lecturers’ teach.
The researcher conducted the research from February to June, 2015. The interviews were conducted in the beginning of March, 2015 to April, 2015.
39
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In order to answer the two research questions stated in Chapter 1, the data were gathered from interviews.
“Interviews are used to gather data on subject’s opinion, beliefs, and feelings about the situation in their own words”
Ary et al., 2002, p. 434. Interviews provide information that cannot be obtained through observation such as in-depth data. Thus the purpose of the interview was
to enable the researcher to obtain more detailed and specific information. Based on Ary, et al. 2002, the interview can be divided into two types according to
variety of respondents; they were an individual and group interview. The researcher conducted individual interviews by choosing the participants
purposively. The researcher chose the participants who were active in teaching and who used self-fulfilling prophecy in the way the lecturers teach.
The researcher used semi-structured guidelines to make the interview progress more smoothly. The researcher did face-to-face interview to obtain in-
depth information from with all the participants. Keegan 2009 states in-depth interviewing also is known as semi-structured interviewing. It is a type of
interview which researchers use to elicit information in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the participant’s point of view or situation; it can also be used to
explore interesting areas for further investigation. “In a less structured interview, the same questions are asked of all respondents, but the interview is more
conversational and the interviewer has more freedom to arrange the order of the questions or to rephrase the questions” Ary et al., 2002.
40 The researcher conducted the interviews with some lecturers in Sanata
Dharma University who were considered as carrying out high-frequency self- fulfilling prophecy in the classroom. The questions were related to the importance
of using self-fulfilling prophecy to im prove the students’ performance based on
lecturers’ perception. Further, the questions also related to what extent do the perceptions influence the way lecturers teach. The purposes of this research were
to know the lecturers’ perception on the implementation of self-fulfilling
prophecy. Moreover, based on the perception itself, it can be found that the implementation of self-
fulfilling prophecy is useful to encourage students’ confidence. The researcher used guidelines of questions in order to allow the
researcher to modify, delete, or add interview questions during the interview. The guidelines of the questions can be seen in the Appendix B.
The interviews were recorded by using one hand phone with the common recording phone. To avoid some problems that might come up with the device, the
researcher was not only use one device to record the interview. The interview was also recorded by using an audacity program f
rom the researcher’s laptop. Ary et al., 2002 state
“the most efficient way to collect arranged interview data is to use a tape recorder. This way is much less distracting than taking notes and it also
provides a verbatim record of the responses” p. 434. Therefore, the researcher did not take note during the interview. The interview used both English and
Bahasa Indonesia based on the interview situation. The use of code-switching is to make both the researcher and the participants have a deeper conversation.
