47 students’ motivation or performance. The importance of lecturers as learner
facilitators cannot be separated to self-fulfilling prophecy. It is related to what Peterson 1992 states that teacher is an arranger of learning experience. Being a
good learner facilitator is a le cturers’ responsibility. Implementing self-fulfilling
prophecy is also one example of how lecturers try to fulfil the responsibility itself. The way lecturers’ implement self-fulfilling prophecy to their students is crucial.
Moreover, self-fulfilling prophecy is also related to high expectation given by the lecturers’ to their students.
Every lecturer has their own perception on self-fulfilling prophecy since the definition of perception itself is a process by which individuals organize and
interpret their sensory impressions in order to find meaning or give label to their environment Robbins, 2001, Kreitner Kinicki, 1992. Although the researcher
chose the participants based on the researcher ’ experiences in joining their class,
two of the participants were not really familiar with the self-fulfilling term. However, based on the interview, they definitely implemented it in class. Ms.
Richa and Mr. Daniel shared they never realized that what they have been doing in class is a part of self-fulfilling prophecy before.
“To be honest, I have told you before that I am not familiar with this term. But after I read your email, then I have realized that the way I
motivated my students to be on track with me is called self-fulfilling
prophecy.” – Ms. Richa, 11032015 It can be shown from
Ms. Richa’s statement that although the lecturers’ were not really familiar with the self-fulfilling prophecy term, the lecturer still
implemented it in the class. Based on the interview, every participant had their own perception about self-fulfilling prophecy because each of the participants
48 implemented it in a different way. The different concept of self-fulfilling
prophecy proposed by each of lecturer happened because each person has his or her own unique filter so they can perceive things differently Altman et al., 1985
Being asked about self-fulfilling prophecy, Ms. Martha stated that self-fulfilling prophecy was the way the mind thinks that is the way the action works.
“Self-fulfilling prophecy, as far as I know is whatever you think about yourself. If you think that you will be successful, then you will be. Henry
Ford has once said, if you think you will not be successful, then you will
not be.” – Ms. Martha, 25032015, my translation Ms. Martha always tells her students to be aware of their way of thinking
because based on her opinion, the way people think will affect the way people do. Although self-fulfilling prophecy was implemented in different ways, the
researcher can draw a conclusion that the outline of self-fulfilling prophecy is still the same. The lecturers’ role in this part is to make sure that every student notices
their potentials to succeed. Ms. Martha added, “It doesn’t matter where the
students’ start, what matters is where the students want to finish”. This research also found that when the participants implement self-fulfilling prophecy, means
that they are aware of the importance as lecturers to be a good facilitator to their students. Furthermore, self-fulfilling prophecy as Mr. Jono stated that,
“when we labelled someone is good, then it will appear good sustainable qualities by itself”.
So, it can be assumed that the good qualities of students are affected on the lecturers’ thought or label of the students’ ability.
49
2. Lecturers’ Role in Implementing Positive Self-fulfilling Prophecy
Peterson 1992 states that the key role for the instructor or the lecturer as a learning facilitator lies in providing good learning experience for the students.
Therefore, lecturers have important roles for being models for their students. When lecturers show good characters and can communicate good things to the
students, students will have the right role model that they can follow and trust. This section divided the lecturers’ role into three parts namely: 1 guiding
students; 2 increasing students’ motivation; and 3 showing high expectation.
a. Guiding Students
Based on the interview, it could be concluded that the role of lecturers in education is do not only give students the knowledge but also being a guide for
their students. In the interview, Ms. Martha shared a university student is a person who is looking for something; either looking for knowledge or finding their
meaning of life. Basically, the university students are on the way out of their home which means they are out of their comfort zone. Physically, they usually
stay at home, meanwhile in the university phase, they are going out to find out their meaning of life. On the way out of home, they meet many people. There are
good people, there are also bad people. Therefore, Ms. Martha shared university time is crucial for students because when they meet bad people then they can
directly follow it. Here, their physical, biological and mental are full of question marks. She added, usually it can be said that university student is a person who is
alone in the crowd. They usually asked themselves, “What am I doing here?”.
50 Therefore, they need guidance because teachers or lecturers either in a school or
in a university are the students’ second parents. Furthermore, the lecturers need to give support to the students so that they are still on a good track with the
lecturers’ guidance.
Schreck 2011 said that it is lecturers’ responsibility to set up the norms and guidelines that give students a clear understanding of what is expected
from them and what behaviors simply will not be tolerated.
b. Increasing Students’ Motivation
Motivation is important in the teaching-learning process. Related to lecturers’ role in increasing motivation, Hamalik 2009 concludes that there are
three functions of motivation: 1 Motivation causes certain behaviors. Learning will not occur without motivation; 2 Motivation is like a director. It directs us to
do some behavior which can help us in achieving the goal; and 3 Motivation is like a drive. The motivation is used to determine our rapidity to achieve the goal.
From Hamalik 2009 theory, it can be said that motivation causes certain behavior and learning will not occur without motivation. That is why teacher need
to be aware of students’ motivation in teaching. Not only students who have to be motivated but the teachers also have to be motivated in teaching. Being asked
about the relation between the implementation of self-fulfilling prophecy and students’ motivation, Ms. Martha shared that motivation is one of the effects of
the teacher implement self-fulfilling prophecy. She added that everything that begins in the mind will really happen to the real world because of it.
“Lecturers’ role is to motivate the students to think clearly. It is because what they think is what will be happen. If we can choose, do you want to
51 choose the successful way or the failure way? If we say that I will
succeed from the beginning, our mind will try to find a way to succeed”. – Ms. Martha, 25032015, my translation
Students need someone to show them that they have potential to reach their dreams. Ms. Martha believed that every student has their own dreams to be
reached. As stated before, one of lecturers’ roles in education is motivating
students. Therefore, self-fulfilling prophecy might be implemented well in the teaching-learning process for both lecturers and students.
Mr. Daniel had different style in motivating his students. He shared that he always played music or gave some jokes in order to make students relaxed. He
thought that when students feel relaxed, it would be easier for him in delivering the material. Ms. Martha and Mr. Jono had the similar ways in motivating
students. Both of them stated that they always try to know their students in person. Listening to students’ story or problem is also the way for lecturers to engage with
students. In addition, the meaning of increasing
students’ motivation for Mr. Jono was setting the high standard from the beginning of the class. He believed that
every student has the same opportunity to reach their dreams. However, those opportunities must be based on the attitude and character that students implied.
“High expectation is a standard. I believe people have the same capacity to grow and develop and work more if everyone has a focus for
sustainably having discipline together. Mr. Jono, 23032015, my translation
What Mr. Jono shared is related to Wallace 1998, p. 18 as cited in Dornyei 2001, p.184 that in developing professionally as a language teacher on
continuous basis, they have access to a wide variety of methods. One of the
